Abstract
High-tech business creates new products and markets, as well as changing traditional sectors and ways of organizing business, which is one of the key factors of long-term economic development. The article analyzes the state and development of high-tech business at the regional level in conjunction with the economic complexity of regional economies. The role of high-tech business in the economies of individual regions differs significantly from its role in other economies. Regions also differ in economic complexity. This indicator is calculated based on the export basket of a region and reflects the special production opportunities for further growth and development. The objective of this study is to construct a scheme for determining the directions of technological development of regions, based on the classification of Russian regions, taking into account the development patterns of high-tech business, the complexity of a regional economy, and identification of the technological profiles of the obtained groups of regions. The operability of the scheme is demonstrated with examples of the Russian regions. The directions of technological development have been identified: related diversification of sectors oriented towards increasing their share in the technological chain with increased added value; technological modernization to increase the competitiveness of products oriented towards exports outside the region; innovation breakthrough—the creation of high-tech and knowledge-intensive sectors oriented towards high value-added products in regions with the largest mining corporations; smart specialization, implying the development of local advantages and expansion of markets, and interregional cooperation.
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Notes
For example, global semiconductor production is in fact concentrated in one place, Taiwan; moreover, it depends on one monopoly, TSMC.
Here, we can distinguish such Russian technology companies as the manufacturer of air purification systems TION, the developer of industrial catalysts SKTB Katalizator, the developer of unique test systems the Medico-Biological Union Group of Companies, which are world leaders in their fields.
Thus, in accordance with the code of the All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activity OKVED-2, companies in the following sectors are listed as high-tech. High-tech Sectors: 21, production of medicines and materials used for medical purposes; 26, production of computers, electronic, and optical products; 30.3, production of aircraft, including spacecraft. Average High-Tech Sectors: 20, production of chemicals and chemical products; 27, production of electrical equipment; 28, production of machinery and equipment not included in other groups; 29, production of motor vehicles, trailers, and semis; 30 (except 30.3), production of other vehicles and equipment; 32.5, production of medical instruments and equipment; 33, repair and installation of machinery and equipment.
Since revenue is not a component of GRP, we are not talking here about the share of the sector in the regional economy (and from this viewpoint, the resulting ratio can formally take any positive values), but about constructing a tool for comparing different economic systems. And it is not the obtained value itself that is important, but its comparison with values in other regions. The list of sectors under consideration is the same for all regions, so interregional comparisons are correct.
The borders of Russia are considered in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993, with amendments approved during the All-Russian vote on July 1, 2020.
It should be noted that only in two Russian regions (Kaluga and Novgorod oblasts) are high-tech sectors the dominant ones in the economy.
Figure 2 does not show the first cluster, consisting of Kaluga oblast, since in this region the ratio of HTB revenue to GRP significantly exceeds the values observed in other regions.
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Funding
This study was carried out under the research plan of the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, project “Theory and Methodology of Research into Sustainable Development in the Economic Sector of High-Tech and Science-Based Companies in the Context of Global External Challenges and Technological, Organizational, and Institutional Shifts,” no. 121040100260-3.
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Goryushkin, A.A., Khalimova, S.R. High-Tech Business and Economic Complexity of Russian Regions. Reg. Res. Russ. 13, 260–270 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970523700624
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970523700624