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From the R-7 Missile and the First Manned Mission into Space up to Permanently Manned Orbital Station

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Abstract—The paper presents a brief history of preparation for, and execution of, the first manned mission on Vostok spacecraft. The key tasks and challenges met to make this historical event possible are discussed. Further achievements of Russian manned space missions are presented, including the world’s first orbital station Salyut built and launched in orbit 50 years ago. The role of people in space mission is studied. The in-orbit challenges are discussed, as well as their solutions that were found by the crews and improved the spacecraft safety and performance. Examples of crew operations during the missions of the Salyut orbital stations, Mir orbital facility, and the International Space Station are given to illustrate such challenges. The importance of cosmonauts’ participation in the research and experiments on the orbital stations is demonstrated, and positive examples of such participation are provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Korolev RSC Energia, JSC, 141070, Korolev, Moscow Region, Russia

    M. Yu. Belyaev

  2. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 141005, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, Russia

    M. Yu. Belyaev

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  1. M. Yu. Belyaev
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Correspondence to M. Yu. Belyaev.

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The paper is based on the invited paper presented at the 28th Saint Petersburg International Conference on Integrated Navigation Systems (ICINS-2021).

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Belyaev, M.Y. From the R-7 Missile and the First Manned Mission into Space up to Permanently Manned Orbital Station. Gyroscopy Navig. 12, 265–280 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075108721030032

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075108721030032

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