Abstract
Nowadays, a new approach to the synthesis of glycerol-free biodiesel is being developed in the framework of sub- and supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies, which is based on the use of supercritical ethanol as an active medium for the transesterification of triglycerides. This approach involves in situ lipophilization of the liberated glycerol to give products compatible with the biodiesel medium. To get an insight into the mechanism of this process, the transformations of supercritical ethanol itself have been studied. Samples of ethanol obtained after supercritical fluidization have been found to contain a set of compounds interrelated through redox and condensation reactions, starting from acetaldehyde diethyl acetal. The latter, as well as its higher homologs, could trap glycerol and convert it to lipophilized products. A number of new reactions have been revealed, and compounds specific for supercritical fluid conditions have been identified.
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Notes
Diethyl ortho-butyrate (11) was detected for the first time in the esterification of butyric acid with supercritical ethanol [3].
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Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 2021, Vol. 57, No. 9, pp. 1329–1335 https://doi.org/10.31857/S0514749221090123.
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Vol’eva, V.B., Koverzanova, E.V., Ovsyannikova, M.N. et al. Transformations of Ethanol Supercritical Fluid. Russ J Org Chem 57, 1466–1470 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070428021090128
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070428021090128