Physicochemical, spectroscopic, and anti-tumor studies of cefradine complexes with Ca(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Au(III), and Pd(II) ions

Abstract

Five new cefradine (Cef) drug complexes were synthesized by 1 : 1 chemical reactions with Ca(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Au(III), and Pd(II) ions in alkaline methanol/distilled water media. The general formula of Cef complexes can be presented as [M(Cef)Cl _n ]·Cl _y ·xH₂O, where (M = Ca^II, Zn^II, Fe^III, Au^III, or Pd^II; n = 1, 2; y = 0,1; and x = 0, 3, 7, 14). Structures and physicochemical characteristics of complexes are studied by elemental analyses, IR, Raman and UV-Vis spectra, effective magnetic moments, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), molar conductivity, SEM and TEM methods. Cef drug acts as a tridentate ligand toward the metal ions via oxygen atoms of the carbonyl β-lactam and carboxylate groups and nitrogen of the amino group. The effective magnetic moment of the paramagnetic Fe(III) complex in the solid state was assigned to the octahedral geometric structure. Antibacterial activity of the complexes were tested against some kinds of bacteria and fungi strains. Cytotoxicity of Au(III) complex was tested on human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG-2) using the MTT viability test. The results demonstrated the significant cytotoxic effect compared to the other complexes.