Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Historical Earthquake on the North-Eastern Extension of the East Anatolian Fault

  • Published:
Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we determine the location of the hypocenter and the magnitude of the earthquake of September 11/23, 1888 based on macroseismic data published in the Russian periodic in Russian, Armenian, and Georgian languages. Calculations showed that the magnitude of the earthquake was previously significantly underestimated, due to which it was not included in the catalog of strong earthquakes in the Caucasus test region (Shebalin and Tatevossian, 1997). The accuracy of the location of the hypocenter makes it possible to identify the active fault, with which the source of the 1888 earthquake is associated. The earthquake with Mw = 6.6 that occurred almost 100 years later confirms the long-term activity of the Western branch of the East Anatolian fault zone.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Here and below, the dates are given according to the old and new styles and separated by a slash.

  2. Currently, it is the territory of Turkey.

  3. Printed in the cartographic institution of D.M. Rudnev in St. Petersburg. II. Asian Russia. XV. Caucasian region.—Kars region // Russia. Geographical description of the Russian Empire by provinces and regions with geographical maps. St. Petersburg: Printing house “Berezhlivost,” 1913.

  4. All translations from Armenian and Georgian to Russian are made by native speakers of these languages.

REFERENCES

  1. Alsan, E., Tezuçan, L., and Båth, M., An earthquake catalogue for Turkey for the interval 1913-1970, Tectonophysics, 1975, vol. 31, nos. 1–2, pp. T13–T19. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(76)90159-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ambraseys, N.N., Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East, Cambridge University Press, 2009.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Ambraseys, N.N. and Finkel, C.F., Seismicity of Turkey and neighbouring regions, 1899–1915, Ann. Geophys. Ser. B, 1987, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 701–726.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Babayan, V., Atlas of Strong Earthquakes of the Republic of Armenia, Artsakh and Adjacent Territories from Ancient Times Through, Gyumri, Armenia: 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bachmanov, D.M., Kozhurin, A.I., and Trifonov, V.G., The active faults of Eurasia database, Geodin. Tektonofizika, 2017, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 711–736. https://doi.org/10.5800/gt-2017-8-4-0314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Båth, M., Lateral inhomogeneities of the upper mantle, Tectonophysics, 1965, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 483–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(65)90003-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dorozhnaya karta Kavkazskogo kraya. Sostavlena i litografirovana v voenno-topograficheskom otdele Kavkazskogo voennogo okruga. Kartu graviroval I. Mikhailov. Tiflis. 1903 g. Masshtab 20 verst v angliiskom dyuime 1 : 840 000 (Road Map of the Caucasus Region. Prepared and Lithographed at the Military-Topographical Department of the Caucasus Military Region. The Map is Engraved by I. Mikhailov. Scale 20 versts per English inch 1 : 840 000), Tiflis: 1903.

  8. Duman, T.Y. and Emre, Ö., The East Anatolian Fault: Geometry segmentation and jog characteristics, Geol. Soc. London Special Publ., 2013, vol. 372, pp. 495–529. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP372.14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Emre, Ö., Duman, T., Özalp, S., Elmasi, H., Olgun, S., and Saroglu, F., Active Fault Map of Turkey with an Explanatory Text. Scale 1:1250000, Ankara: General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, 2013.

  10. Global CMT, 2023. http://www.globalcmt.org. Cited 2023.

  11. International Seismological Centre. ISC-GEM Earthquake Catalogue, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31905/d808b825

  12. Novyi katalog sil’nykh zemletryasenii na territorii SSSR s drevneishikh vremen do 1975 (New Catalog of Strong Earthquakes on the Territory of USSR from the Ancient Times through 1975), Kondorskaya, N.V. and Shebalin, N.V., Eds., Moscow: Nauka, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mäntyniemi, P., Tatevossian, R., and Vakarchuk, R., On the epicenter determination of historical earthquakes attested to by sparse intensity data sets, Bull. Seismological Soc. Am., 2017, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 1136–1146. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Milanovskii, E.E., Noveishaya tektonika Kavkaza (Recent Tectonics of Caucasus), Moscow: Nedra, 1968.

  15. Mushketov, I.V., Materials for studying the earthquakes of Russia, Izv. Imp. Ross. Geogr. O-va. Prilozhenie k, Т. XXVII 1891, vol. 27, p. 62.

  16. Shebalin, N.V. and Tatevossian, R.E., Catalogue of large historical earthquakes of the Caucasus, Historical and Prehistorical Earthquakes in the Caucasus, Giardini, D. and Balassanian, S., Eds., Nato ASI, Dordrecht: Springer, 1997, pp. 201–232.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Spisok naselennykh punktov Karsskoi oblasti. Pamyatnaya knizhka i Adres-kalendar’ Karsskoi oblasti na 1910 god (List of Settlements of the Kars Oblast: Memorandum Book and Address Calender of the Kars Oblast for 1910), Kars: 1910.

  18. Topograficheskaya karta General’nogo shtaba SSSR. Masshtab 1 : 200 000 (2 km v 1 sm) (Topographic Map of the General Staff of USSR. Scale 1 : 200 000 (2 km per 1 cm)), 1984.

  19. Trifonov, V.G., Neotektonika podvizhnykh poyasov (Neotectonics of Moving Belts), Moscow: GEOS, 2017.

  20. Voenno-Topograficheskaya karta Kavkazskogo voennogo okruga. Karta sostavlena i litografirovana v Voenno-Topograficheskom otdele Kavkazskogo voennogo okruga v Tiflise. Masshtab 20 verst v angliiskom dyuime 1 : 840 000 (Military-Topographic Map of the Caucasus Military Region: Map is Prepared and Lithographed at the Military-Topographical Department of the Caucasus Military Region in Tiflis, Scale 20 versts per English inch 1 : 840 000), Tiflis: 1903.

  21. Westaway, R., Kinematic consistency between the Dead Sea Fault Zone and the Neogene and Quaternary left-lateral faulting in SE Turkey, Tectonophysics, 2004, vol. 391, nos. 1–4, pp. 203–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.07.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The work was supported by the state task of Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123995, Moscow, Russia

    R. E. Tatevossian, N. G. Mokrushina, A. N. Ovsyuchenko & A. S. Larkov

Authors
  1. R. E. Tatevossian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. G. Mokrushina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. N. Ovsyuchenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. S. Larkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to R. E. Tatevossian, N. G. Mokrushina, A. N. Ovsyuchenko or A. S. Larkov.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Translated by A. Ivanov

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tatevossian, R.E., Mokrushina, N.G., Ovsyuchenko, A.N. et al. Historical Earthquake on the North-Eastern Extension of the East Anatolian Fault. Izv., Phys. Solid Earth 59, 878–887 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351323060228

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351323060228

Keywords:

Search

Navigation