Abstract
Specific features of the porous structure of irradiated and virgin reactor graphite of Russian brands have been analyzed. The porosity parameters affecting the leaching of radionuclides from graphite radioactive waste (RAW) were determined: fraction of open porosity, distribution of pore throat cross-sections, surface of open pores. The volume of open pores accessible for leaching aqueous media in the irradiated graphite was estimated. A model describing the leaching of radionuclides from irradiated graphite accounting for the porosity contribution is proposed. The parameters that numerically characterize the resistance of graphite RAW against leaching and are independent of the geometric shapes of separate fragments (samples) were determined.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Dorofeev, A.N., Komarov, E.A., Zakharova, E.V., Volkova, A.G., Martynov, K.V., Linge, I.I., Ivanov, A.Yu., Utkin, S.S., Pavlyuk, A.O., and Kotlyarevskii, S.G., Radioaktivnye Otkhody, 2019, no. 2(7), p. 18. https://doi.org/10.25283/2587-9707-2019-2-18-30
IAEA TECDOC no. 1790 “Processing of Irradiated Graphite to Meet Acceptance Criteria for Waste Disposal. Results of a Coordinated Research Project,” Vienna: IAEA, 2016.
Wickham, A., Steinmetz, H.-J., O’Sullivan, P., and Ojovan, M.I., J. Environ. Radioact., 2017, vol. 171, p. 34.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/issue/B16E687954999C131670CC8705D8A2B
Bushuev, A.V., Kozhin, A.F., Petrova, E.V., Zubarev, V.N., Aleeva, T.B., and Girke, N.A., Radioaktivnyi reaktornyi grafit (Radioactive Reactor Graphite), Moscow: MIFI, 2015.
Pavlyuk, A.O., Kotlyarevskii, S.G., Markov, S.A., and Shatrov, M.V., Radioaktivnye Otkhody, 2018, no. 3(4), p. 69.
Pavlyuk, A.O., Kotlyarevskii, S.G., Bespala, E.V., Volkova, A.G., and Zakharova, E.V., Izv. Tomsk. Politekhn. Univ., Inzhiniring Georesursov, 2017, no. 328(8), p. 24
Volkova, A.G., Zakharova, E.V., Pavlyuk, A.O., and Shiryaev, A.A., Radiochemistry, 2018, vol. 60, no. 5, p. 558. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1066362218050144
Volkova, A.G., Zakharova, E.V., Rodygina, N.I., Pavlyuk, A.O., and Shiryaev, A.A., Radiochemistry, 2018, vol. 60, no. 6, p. 657. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1066362218060152
Bespala, E.V., Pavlyuk, A.O., Zagumennov, V.S., Kotlyarevskii, S.G., Izv. Vuzov. Yadern. Energetika, 2017, no. 4, p. 116. https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2017.4.11
Shiryaev, A.A., Volkova, A.G., Zakharova, E.V., Nikol’skii, M.S., Averin, A.A., Dolgopolova, E.A., and Yapaskurt, V.O., Radiochemistry, 2018, vol. 60, no. 6, p. 664. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1066362218060164
Vukovic, F., Leyssale, J.-M., Aurel, P., Marks, N.A., Phys. Rev. Appl., 2018, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 064040. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.10.064040
Gurovich, B.A. and Prikhodko, K.E., Radiat. Effects Defects Solids, 2001, vol. 154, no. 1, p. 39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420150108214042
Nicaise, G.O. and Poncet, B., Kerntechnik, 2016, vol. 81, no. 5, p. 565. https://doi.org/10.3139/124.110732
Virgil’ev, Yu.S., Khim. Tverd. Topliva (Solid Fuel Chemistry), 2000, no. 2, p. 67.
Virgil’ev, Yu.S., Khim. Tverd. Topliva (Solid Fuel Chemistry), 1973, no. 5, p. 102.
Kane, J.J., Carroll, M., and Windes, W.E., Int. Nuclear Graphite Specialists’ Meeting INGSM-17. IAEA, Sept. 4–8, 2016.
Laudone, G.M., Gribble, C.M., and Matthews, G.P., Carbon, 2014, vol. 73, p. 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.037
GOST (State Standard) 29114-91. Otkhody radioaktivnye. Metod izmereniya khimicheskoi ustoichivosti otverzhdennykh radioaktivnykh otkhodov posredstvom dlitel’nogo vyshchelachivaniya (Radioactive Waste. A Method for Measuring the Chemical Stability of Solidified Radioactive Waste by Long-Term Leaching.).
GOST 52126-2003. Opredelenie khimicheskoi ustoichivosti otverzhdennykh vysokoaktivnykh otkhodov metodom dlitel’nogo vyshchelachivaniya (Determination of the Chemical Stability of Solidified High-Level Waste by the Long-Tterm Leaching Method.).
Shiryaev, A.A., Kaminsky, F.V., Ludwig, W., Zolotov, D.A., Buzmakov, A.V., and Titkov, S.V., Geochem. Int., 2019, vol. 57(9), p. 1015.
GOST 18898-89. Izdeliya poroshkovye. Metody opredeleniya plotnosti, soderzhaniya masla i poristosti (Powder Products. Methods for Determining Density, Oil Content, and Porosity).
Virgil’ev, Yu.S., Kurolenkin, E.I., and Shurshakova, T.N., Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorgan. Mater., 1977, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 752.
Shtrombakh, Ya.I., Gurovic, B.A., Platonov, P.A., and Alekseev, V.M., J. Nucl. Mater., 1995, vol. 225, p. 273. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(95)00060-7
Shiryaev, A.A., Voloshchuk, A.M., Volkov, V.V., Averin, A.A., and Artamonova, S.D., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2017, vol. 848, p. 012009.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The study used the equipment of the Center for collective use of physical research methods at the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors are grateful to A.V. Buzmakov for assistance in processing of tomographic data.
Funding
The study of the leaching was in part supported by the Program no. 14P of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The processing of the tomographic data was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education under the State assignment to the Federal Research Scientific Center “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors state that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pavlyuk, A.O., Kotlyarevskii, S.G., Kan, R.I. et al. Determination of Parameters of Porous Structure Affecting the Release Mechanisms of Long-Lived Radionuclides from Irradiated Graphite in Contact with Liquid Media. Radiochemistry 62, 759–768 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1066362220060089
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1066362220060089