Abstract
A general description of the region of research is presented; the features of geomorphology, topography, and prevailing soil-forming rocks are considered in detail. The climatic features of the middle and northern taiga of the European part of Russia are characterized. A brief description of the objects of study (vegetation and soils) with information on the time of impact on ecosystems is given. Abbreviations for the studied plots that are used in further text are explained. The methodological approaches and research methods used in this study are described. The concept of soil successions is introduced. The methods of chemical analysis and soil diagnostics applied in this study are described in detail. The methods of densimetric fractionation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and integration of 13C-NMR spectra of soil organic matter are presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The Latin names of plants are given according to Plantarium, an open-source online atlas-determinant of plants and lichens in Russia and neighboring countries (2007–2020) (http://www.plantarium.ru).
REFERENCES
V. D. Aleksandrova, “Study of changes in vegetation cover,” in Field Geobotany (Nauka, Moscow–Leningrad, 1964), Vol. 3, pp. 300–447 [in Russian].
B. P. Alisov, Climate of the USSR (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1956) [in Russian].
Atlas of the Komi Republic on Climate and Hydrology (Drofa, Moscow, 1997).
Atlas of the Komi Republic (Feoriya, Moscow, 2011).
K. S. Bobkova, Biological Productivity of Coniferous Forests in the European Northeast (Nauka, Leningrad, 1987) [in Russian].
L. G. Bogatyrev, “Formation of forest litter as one of the major processes in forest ecosystems,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 29 (4), 459–468 (1996).
L. G. Bogatyrev, Basic Concepts, Laws and Principles of Modern Soil Science (MAKS Press, Moscow, 2015) [in Russian].
L. G. Bogatyrev, “Is the litter an independent biogeocenotic body of nature?,” Ekologiya, No. 6, 13–21 (1990).
A. F. Vadyunina and Z. A. Korchagina, Methods for Studying the Physical Properties of Soils (Agropromizdat, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].
G. I. Varlamov, “Relief,” in Productive Forces of the Komi ASSR, Vol. 1: Geological Structure and Mineral Resources (Izd. Akad. Nauk ASSR, Moscow, 1953), pp. 9–22 [in Russian].
V. A. Varsanof’eva, “Geomorphology,” in Productive Forces of the Komi ASSR, Vol. 1: Geological Structure and Mineral Resources (Izd. Akad. Nauk ASSR, Moscow, 1953), pp. 257–270 [in Russian].
I. I. Vasenev, Soil Successions (LKI, Moscow, 2008) [in Russian].
I. I. Vasenev and V. O. Targulian, Windfall and Taiga Soil Formation. Regimes, Processes, Morphogenesis of Soil Successions (Nauka, Moscow, 1995) [in Russian].
State Soil Map of Russia (Scale 1 : 1 000 000). Sheet R-40 (Krasnovishersk) (Inst. Biol. Komi Nauchn. Tsentra Ural. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Syktyvkar, 2005).
State Soil Map of the USSR (Scale 1 : 1 000 000). Sheet R-39 (Syktyvkar) (Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1958).
State Report “On the State of the Environment in the Komi Republic in 2012” (Syktyvkar, 2013).
N. Yu. Grechishcheva, Extended Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation in Chemistry (Ivanovo, 2017).
V. N. Dimo, Thermal Regime of Soils in the USSR (Kolos, Moscow, 1972) [in Russian].
A. A. Dymov, D. N. Gabov, Yu. A. Dubrovskii, E. V. Zhangurov, and N. A. Nizovtsev, “Influence of fire in a northern taiga spruce forest on soil organic matter,” Lesovedenie, No. 1, 52–62 (2015a).
A. A. Dymov, E. M. Lapteva, N. N. Bondarenko, E. Yu. Milanovskii, and Yu. A. Zavgorodnyaya, “Humic substances in soils of lingonberry-green-moss pine forest and derivatives of deciduous-coniferous plantations,” in Ecological Functions of Forest Soils in Natural and Disturbed Landscapes. Proc. 4th All-Russia Sci. Conf. on Forest Soil Science (Apatity, 2011), Part 1, pp. 72–76.
I. V. Zaboeva, Soils and Land Resources of the Komi Republic (Komi Knizhnoe Izd., Syktyvkar, 1975) [in Russian].
F. R. Zaidel’man, Methods of Ecological and Reclamation Surveys and Soil Research (Kolos, Moscow, 2008) [in Russian].
S. V. Zalesov, Forest Pyrology (Ekaterinburg, 1998) [in Russian].
S. V. Il’chukov, Spatial Structure of Primary and Derivative Forests of Taiga Landscapes of the Komi Republic (Ekaterinburg, 2012) [in Russian].
Cadastre of Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Komi Republic, Ed. by S. V. Degteva and V. I. Ponomarev (Syktyvkar, 2014).
G. A. Kalabin, L. V. Kanitskaya, and D. F. Kushnarev, Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy of Natural Organic Raw Materials and Products of Their Processing (Khimiya, Moscow, 2000) [in Russian].
L. O. Karpachevskii, Forest and Forest Soils (Moscow, 1981) [in Russian].
Indigenous Spruce Forests of the North: Biodiversity, Structure, Functions, Ed. by K. S. Bobkova and E. P. Galenko (Nauka, St. Petersburg, 2006) [in Russian].
E. M. Lapteva, V. A. Beznosikov, and E. V. Shamrikova, “Soils and soil resources of the Komi Republic: research stages, results and prospects,” Izv. Komi Nauchn. Tsentra Ural. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, No. 3 (27), 23–34 (2016).
A. A. Larionova, B. N. Zolotareva, Yu. G. Kolyagin, A. K. Kvitkina, V. V. Kaganov, and V. N. Kudeyarov, “Composition of structural fragments and the mineralization rate of organic matter in zonal soils,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 48 (10), 1110–1119 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229315100063
G. M. Kozubov and A. I. Taskaev (eds.), Forests of the Komi Republic (Moscow, 1999) [in Russian].
E. D. Lodygin, V. A. Beznosikov, and R. S. Vasilevich, “Molecular composition of humic substances in tundra soils (13C-NMR spectroscopic study),” Eurasian Soil Sci. 47 (5), 400–406 (2014).
Guidelines for the Destruction of Organic Substances in Natural, Drinking, Waste Water and Food Products on the Minotaur-2 Microwave System (St. Petersburg, 2005) [in Russian].
E. Yu. Milanovskii, Soil Humic Substances as Natural Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Compounds (GEOS, Moscow, 2009) [in Russian].
B. M. Mirkin and L. G. Naumova, Current State of the Basic Concepts of the Science of Vegetation (Akad. Nauk Resp. Bashkortostan, Gilem, Ufa, 2012) [in Russian].
Explanatory Note to Sheet R-38 “Kotlas” of the State Soil Map of the USSR. 1 : 1 000 000 (Moscow, 1976).
PND F 16.1:2:2.2:3.39-03 Quantitative Chemical Analysis of Soils. Method for Measuring the Mass Fraction of Benzo(a)pyrene in Samples of Soils, Rocks, Solid Wastes, and Bottom Sediments by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Using a Liquid Chromatograph “Lumakhrom” (OOO Lumeks, Moscow, 2007).
Field Guide on Correlation of Russian Soils (Moscow, 2008) [in Russian].
Scientific Soil Tour Guide. Loamy Podzolic Soils of Clearings of Different Ages (Middle Taiga Subzone) (Syktyvkar, 2007) [in Russian].
L. E. Rodin, N. P. Remezov, and N. I. Bazilevich, Guidelines for the Study of Dynamics and Biological Cycle in Phytocenoses (Nauka, Leningrad, 1968) [in Russian].
E. N. Rudneva, I. V. Zaboeva, and I. S. Urusevskaya, “Soil-geographical zoning of the central and eastern parts of the European territory of the USSR,” in Podzolic Soils of the Central and Eastern Parts of the European Territory of the USSR (Nauka, Leningrad, 1981) [in Russian].
A. V. Smagin, N. B. Sadovnikova, M. V. Smagina, M. V. Glagolev, E. M. Shevchenko, D. D. Khaidapova, and A. K. Guber, Modeling the Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 2001) [in Russian].
Theory and Practice of Chemical Analysis of Soils, Ed. by L. A. Vorob’eva (Moscow, 2006) [in Russian].
T. E. Fedorova, D. F. Kushnarev, N. V. Vashukevich, A. G. Proidakov, B. Byambagar, and G. A. Kalabin, “13C-NMR spectroscopy of humic acids of different origins,” Pochvovedenie, No. 10, 1213–1217 (2003).
Yu. P. Yudin, Productive Forces of the Komi ASSR, Vol. 3, Part 1: Plant World (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1954) [in Russian].
J. A. Baldock, J. M. Oades, P. N. Nelson, T. M. Skene, A. Golchin, and P. Clarke, “Assessing the extent of decomposition of natural organic materials using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy,” Aust. J. Soil Res. 35, 1061–1083 (1997).
C. Cerli, L. Celi, K. Kalbitz, G. Guggenberger, and K. Kaiser, “Separation of light and heavy organic matter fractions in soil Testing for proper density cut-off and dispersion level,” Geoderma 170, 403–416 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.009
C. N. Goncalves, S. D. Dalmolin, D. P. Dick, H. Knicker, E. Klamt, and I. Kogel-Knabner, “The effect of 10% HF treatment on resolution of CPMAS 13C NMR spectra and on the quality of organic matter in Ferralsols,” Geoderma 116, 373–392 (2003).
G. Grunewald, K. Kaiser, R. Jahn, and G. Guggenberger, “Organic matter stabilization in young calcareous soils as revealed by density fractionation and analysis of lignin-derived constituents,” Org. Geochem. 37, 1573–1589 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.05.002
P. G. Hatcher, M. Schnitzler, L. W. Dennis, and G. E. Maciel, “Aromaticity of humic substances in soils,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45, 1089–1094 (1981).
R. Hiederer and M. Köchy, Global Soil Organic Carbon Estimates and the Harmonized World Soil Database (Publications Office of the European Union, 2011).
G. Mastrolonardo, C. Rumpel, C. Forte, S. H. Doerr, and G. Certini, “Abudance and composition of free and aggregate-occluded carbohydrates and lignin in two forest soils as affected by wildfires of different severity,” Geoderma 245–246, 40–51 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.01.006
J. R. Miesel, W. C. Hockaday, and P. A. Townsend, “Soil organic composition and quality across fire severity gradients in coniferous and deciduous forest of the southern boreal region,” J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. 120, 1124–1141 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG002959
J. F. Ponge, “Humus forms in terrestrial ecosystems: framework to biodiversity,” Soil Biol. Biochem. 35, 935–945 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00149-4
M. W. I. Schmidt, C. Rumpel, and I. Kögel-Knabner, “Evaluation of an ultrasonic dispersion procedure to isolate primary organomineral complexes from soils,” Eur. J. Soil Sci. 50, 87–94 (1999).
J. Six, P. A. Schultz, J. D. Jastrow, and R. Merck, “Recycling of sodium polytungstate used in soil organic matter studies,” Soil Biol. Biochem. 31, 1193–1196 (1999).https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00023-1
J. O. Skjemstad, P. Clarke, J. A. Taylor, J. M. Oades, and R. H. Neuman, “The removal of magnetic materials from surface soils - a solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR study,” Aust. J. Soil Res. 32, 1215–1229 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9941215
Standard Soil Color Charts (Japan, 1970).
US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Evaluation and Estimation of Potential Carcinogenic Risks of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Carcinogen Assessment Group (Office of Heath and Environmental Assessment, Washington DC, 1985).
A. Zanella, B. Jabiol, J. F. Ponge, G. Sartori, R. De Waal, B. Van Delft, U. Graefe, N. Cools, K. Katzensteiner, H. Hage, and M. A. Englisch, “European morphofunctional classification of humus forms,” Geoderma 164, 138–145 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.016
Funding
The work was carried out within the framework of state assignment “Cryogenesis as a Factor of Soil Formation and Evolution in the Arctic and Boreal Ecosystems in the European Northeast under Conditions of Current Anthropogenic Impacts and Global and Regional Climatic Trends” (no. 122040600023-8).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by D. Konyushkov
Supplementary Information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dymov, A.A. Environmental Conditions of the Study Region. Objects and Methods. Eurasian Soil Sc. 56 (Suppl 1), S24–S35 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229323700187
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229323700187