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Abundance and Diversity of Microorganisms in Soils and Associated Substrates (Leaf Litter and “Suspended Soil”) in Some Nature Reserves of Vietnam

  • SOIL BIOLOGY
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Abstract—

A comprehensive study of prokaryotic communities of zonal Ferralsols and intrazonal Fluvisols, as well as associated leaf litter and “suspended” soil from epiphytic fern baskets was carried out. The maximum number of bacteria determined by the direct luminescence method (5.59 billion cells) was found in the samples of Fluvisols, while the lengths of fungal (2038 m/g) and actinomycete (1086 m/g) mycelia were the largest in the mountainous Ferralsols. Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces included in the saprotrophic bacterial complex of the studied substrates made a significant contribution to the destruction of plant material. The bacteria of the phyla Firmicutes (80%) and Proteobacteria (15%) predominated in the prokaryotic community of the zonal Ferralsols, while the phyla Proteobacteria (51%) and Actinobacteria (38%) dominated in the sample of the “suspended” soil. The phyla Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria were significantly less represented. Against the background of significant differences between the studied prokaryotic communities at the level of genera, they were characterized by similar functional groups of microorganisms: xenobiotic decomposers, nitrogen cycle bacteria, extremophiles, as well as bacteria that inhibit the growth of micromycetes. The metabolically active part of the prokaryotic community represented by the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, was the highest in the “suspended” soil and the least active in the leaf litter and A horizon of Ferralsols, which correlated with the high abundance of these phyla and the significant taxonomic diversity of bacteria in this locus. Functional genes nifH and alkB encoding nitrogenase and alkane-hydroxylase, respectively, were detected in all studied substrates. The number of copies of functional genes was the highest in the “suspended” soil sample, which makes this locus promising for isolating strains with a high biotechnological potential.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to the administration and staff of the Tropical Center, who organized a comprehensive work to study the biological diversity and ecology of the forests of Vietnam. A special contribution was made by the codirectors of the Head Office Dang Hong Chien and A.N. Kuznetsov, codirector of the Southern Branch Nguyen Van Thinh and I.V. Palko. Invaluable assistance in the work was provided by S.P. Kuznetsova and Pham Thi Ha Zang.

We also express special gratitude to the administration and staff of the forest stations of the specially protected areas of Vietnam, where the opportunity for research was provided, for their invaluable help and comfortable conditions.

Funding

This study was carried out in agreement with state assignment nos. 121040800174-6, 121032300081-7), as well as within the framework of the Development Program of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of the Lomonosov Moscow State University The Future of the Planet and Global Environmental Changes. It was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Diversity of the Russian Federation, agreement no. 075-15-2021-1051. The analysis of microbiomes was carried out with partial financial support from the Program of the Scientific and Technical Revolution of the Russian Federation Analysis of Microbiomes of Plants and Invertebrates in Extreme Habitats in Order to Develop Strains Producing New Metabolites and Enzymes (contract no. 075-15-2021-1396). Real-time PCR was performed with partial financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 21-14-00076.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Kniazeva, L. V. Lysak, E. V. Lapygina & A. V. Aleksandrova

  2. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia

    A. V. Kniazeva

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  1. A. V. Kniazeva
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Correspondence to A. V. Kniazeva or L. V. Lysak.

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Translated by D. Konyushkov

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Kniazeva, A.V., Lysak, L.V., Lapygina, E.V. et al. Abundance and Diversity of Microorganisms in Soils and Associated Substrates (Leaf Litter and “Suspended Soil”) in Some Nature Reserves of Vietnam. Eurasian Soil Sc. 56, 769–781 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106422932260275X

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