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Molecular Biological Characteristics of Soil Microbiome in the Northern Part of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago

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Abstract—

Microbiomes of strongly skeletal residual calcareous pelozems (Skeletal Leptosols (Loamic)), carbopetrozems (Calcaric Leptosols (Protic)), petrozems (Skeletal Leptosols (Protic)), and cryozems (Oxyaquic Cryosols (Loamic)) in the north of Novaya Zemlya were studied by the methods of molecular biology. The number of copies of 16S rRNA genes was small and ranged from 2.30 × 107 to 1.63 × 109 gene copies/g soil for archaea and from 3.47 × 108 to 2.26 × 1011 gene copies/g soil for bacteria; the number of copies of ribosomal genes ITS rRNA of fungi varied from 8.87 × 106 to 7.56 × 109 gene copies/g soil. The content of copies of ribosomal genes of all groups of microorganisms sharply decreased down the soil profiles. Bacteria predominated among prokaryotes (up to 90%). The greatest abundance (20%) was manifested by the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria; the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Gemmatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi were about 1–10%. The Archaea domain represented mainly by the Ferroplasma genus (phylum Euryarchaeota), accounted for ≤4% of prokaryotes. The taxonomic diversity of prokaryotes increased down the soil profiles and reached maximum values in the suprapermafrost horizons, where the number of candidate phyla typical of marine ecosystems—Latescibacteria, Tectomicrobia, Parcubacteria, Saccaribacteria, Hydrogenedentes, Peregrinibacteria, Ignavibacteria, and Gracilibacteria—was high.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank the Arctic Floating University project of the Lomonosov Northern Arctic Federal University and personally K.S. Zaikov for organizing field work on Novaya Zemlya. The authors thank the staff of the Department of Geography and Evolution of Soils of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences and personally S.V. Goryachkin for their help in determining the taxonomic position of the studied soils.

Funding

This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-04-00328.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, per. Pyzhevskii 7, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    D. A. Nikitin

  2. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    L. V. Lysak & D. V. Badmadashiev

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  1. D. A. Nikitin
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Correspondence to D. A. Nikitin.

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Translated by D. Konyushkov

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Table 1. Soil properties in the northern part of Novaya Zemlya

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Nikitin, D.A., Lysak, L.V. & Badmadashiev, D.V. Molecular Biological Characteristics of Soil Microbiome in the Northern Part of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. Eurasian Soil Sc. 55, 1106–1115 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229322080130

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