Abstract
The input dynamics of labeled C into pools of soil organic matter and CO2 fluxes from soil were studied in a pot experiment with the pulse labeling of oats and corn under a 13CO2 atmosphere, and the contribution of the root and microbial respiration to the emission of CO2 from the soil was determined from the fluxes of labeled C in the microbial biomass and the evolved carbon dioxide. A considerable amount of 13C (up to 96% of the total amount of the label found in the rhizosphere soil) was incorporated into the biomass of the rhizosphere microorganisms. The diurnal fluctuations of the labeled C pools in the microbial biomass, dissolved organic carbon, and CO2 released in the rhizosphere of oats and corn were related to the day/night changes, i.e., to the on and off periods of the photosynthetic activity of the plants. The average contribution of the corn root respiration (70% of the total CO2 emission from the soil surface) was higher than that of the oats roots (44%), which was related to the lower incorporation of rhizodeposit carbon into the microbial biomass in the soil under the corn plants than in the soil under the oats plants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. A. Blagodatskii, E. V. Blagodatskaya, and L. N. Rozanova, “Kinetics and Strategies of Microbial Growth,” Mikrobiologiya 6(2), 298–307 (1994).
Ya. Kuzyakov and A. A. Larionova, “Methods and Results of Separating Root and Rhizomicrobial Respiration,” Pochvovedenie, No. 7 (2007) [Eur. Soil Sci. 40 (7), (2007)].
L. M. Polyanskaya, M. Kh. Orazova, T. G. Mirchink, and D. G. Zvyagintsev, “Abundance Dynamics and Structure of Microbial Complex in the Rhizosphere of Pea Plants,” Mikrobiologiya 6(2), 314–325 (1994).
M. M. Umarov, Associative Nitrogen Fixation (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].
T. H. Anderson and K. H. Domsch, “Ratios of Microbial Biomass Carbon to Total Organic Carbon in Arable Soils,” Soil Biol. Biochem. 21, 471–479 (1989).
C. Bertin, X. Yang, and L. A. Weston, “The Role of Root Exudates and Allelochemicals in the Rhizosphere,” Plant Soil 256, 67–83 (2003).
S. A. Blagodatsky and I. V. Yevdokimov, “Extractability of Microbial N as Influenced by C:N Ratio in the Flush after Drying or Fumigation,” Biol. Fertil. Soils 28, 5–11 (1998).
S. Bromand, J. K. Whalen, H. H. Janzen, and J. K. Schjoerring, “A Pulse-Labeling Method to Generate 13C-Enriched Plant Materials,” Plant Soil 235, 253–257 (2001).
P. C. Brookes, A. Landman, G. Pruden, and D. S. Jenkinson, “Chloroform Fumigation and Release of Soil Nitrogen: a Rapid Direct Extraction Method to Measure Microbial Biomass Nitrogen in Soil,” Soil Biol. Biochem. 17, 837–843 (1985).
J. L. Butler, P. J. Bottomley, S. M. Griffith, and D. D. Myrold, “Distribution and Turnover of Recently Fixed Photosynthate in Ryegrass Rhizospheres,” Soil Biol. Biochem. 36, 371–381 (2004).
F. D. Dakora and D. A. Phillips, “Root Exudates as Mediators of Mineral Acquisition in Low-Nutrient Environments,” Plant Soil 245, 35–47 (2002).
J. F. Dormaar, “Effect of Active Roots on the Decomposition of Organic Matter,” Biol. Fertil. Soils 10, 121–136 (1990).
T. S. Gahoonia and N. E. Nielsen, “A Method to Study Rhizosphere Process in Thin Soil Layers of Different Proximity to Roots,” Plant Soil 135, 143–146 (1991).
A. Gransee and L. Wittenmayer, “Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Water-Soluble Root Exudates in Relation to Plant Species and Development,” J. Plant Nutrit. Soil Sci. 163, 381–385 (2000).
S. J. Grayston, D. Vaughan, and D. Jones, “Rhizosphere Carbon Flows It Trees, in Comparison with Annual Plants the Importance of Root Exudation and Its Impact on Microbial Activity and Nutrient Availability,” Appl. Soil Ecol. 5, 29–56 (1996).
H. M. Helal and D. R. Sauerbeck, “Influence of Plant Roots on C and P Metabolism in Soil,” Plant Soil 76, 75–182 (1984).
M. Iijima, Y. Sako, and T. P. Rao, “A New Approach for the Quantification of Root-Cap Mucilage Exudation in the Soil,” Plant Soil 255, 399–407 (2003).
G. Johansson, “Release of Organic C from Growing Roots of Meadow Fescue (Festuca Pratensis L.),” Soil Biol. Biochem. 25, 1553–1559 (1992).
D. L. Jones and P. R. Darrah, “Role of Root-Derived Organic Acids in the Mobilization of Nutrients from the Rhizosphere,” Plant Soil 166, 247–257 (1994).
J. W. Kloepper, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as Biological Control Agents, in Soil Microbial Ecology, Ed. by F. B. Metting (Dekker, New York, 1992), pp. 255–305.
R. Kuchenbuch and A. Jungk, “A Method for Determining Concentration Profiles at the Soil-Root Interface by Thin Slicing Rhizospheric Soil,” Plant Soil 68, 391–394 (1982).
Y. Kuzyakov, “Separating Microbial Respiration of Exudates from Root Respiration in Non-Sterile Soils: a Comparison of Four Methods,” Soil Biol. Biochem. 34, 1621–1631 (2002).
Y. Kuzyakov, “Separation of Root and Rhizomicrobial Respiration by Natural 13C Abundance: Theoretical Approach, Advantages, and Difficulties,” Eur. Soil Sci. 37 (2004).
Y. Kuzyakov and G. Domanski, “Model for Rhizodeposition and CO2 Efflux from Planted Soil and Its Validation by 14C Pulse Labeling of Ryegrass,” Plant Soil 239, 87–102 (2002).
Y. Kuzyakov, A. Raskatov, and M. Kaupenjohann, “Turnover and Distribution of Root Exudates of Zea mays,” Plant Soil 254, 317–327 (2003).
Y. Kuzyakov and S. V. Siniakina, “Siphon Method of Separating Root-Derived Organic Compounds from Root Respiration in Nonsterile Soil,” J. Plant Nutrit. Soil Sci. 164, 511–517 (2001).
Y. Kuzyakov, S. V. Siniakina, J. Ruehlmann, et al., “Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Below-Ground Carbon Allocation in Lettuce,” J. Sci. Food Agric. 82, 1432–1441 (2002).
C. Leyval and J. Berthelin, “Rhizodeposition and Net Release of Soluble Organic Compounds by Pine and Beech Seedlings Inoculated with Rhizobacteria and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi,” Biol. Fertil. Soils 15, 259–267 (1993).
J. M. Lynch and J. M. Whipps, The Rhizosphere and Plant Growth, Ed. by D. L. Keister and B. Crogen (Kluwer, Amsterdam, 1991), pp. 15–24.
E. A. Paul and F. E. Clark, Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry (Academic, San Diego, 1996).
M. Potthoff, N. Loftfienld, F. Buegger, et al., “The Determination of 13C in Soil Microbial Biomass Using Fumigation-Extraction,” Soil Biol. Biochem. 35, 947–954 (2003).
P. Rochette, L. B. Flanagan, and E. G. Gregorich, “Separating Soil Respiration into Plant and Soil Components Using Analyses of the Natural Abundance of Carbon-13,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63, 1207–1213 (1999).
H. Santruckova, T. Picek, R. Tykva, et al., “Short-Term Partitioning of 14C-[U]-Glucose in the Microbial Pool under Varied Aeration Status,” Biol. Fertil. Soils 40, 386–392 (2004).
E. D. Vance, P. C. Brookes, and D. S. Jenkinson, “An Extraction Method for Measuring Soil Microbial Biomass C,” Soil Biol. Biochem. 19, 703–707 (1987).
F. R. Warembourg, “Application de techniques radioisotopiques a l’etude de l’activite biologique dans la rhizosphere des plantes,” Rev. Ecol. Biol. Sol 12, 261–272 (1975).
I. Yevdokimov, R. Ruser, F. Buegger, et al., “Microbial Immobilization of 13C Rhizodeposits in Rhizosphere and Root-Free Soil under Continuous 13C Labeling of Oats,” Soil Biol. Biochem. 38, 1202–1211 (2006).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © I.V. Yevdokimov, R. Ruser, F. Buegger, M. Marx, J.C. Munch, 2007, published in Pochvovedenie, 2007, No. 7, pp. 852–861.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yevdokimov, I.V., Ruser, R., Buegger, F. et al. Interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms and plant roots: 13C fluxes in the rhizosphere after pulse labeling. Eurasian Soil Sc. 40, 766–774 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229307070095
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229307070095