Abstract
Von Neumann’s procedure is applied to quantizing general relativity. Initial data for dynamical variables in the Planck epoch, where the Hubble parameter value coincided with the Planck mass are quantized. These initial data are defined in terms of the Fock orthogonal simplex in the tangent Minkowski spacetime and the Dirac conformal interval. The Einstein cosmological principle is used to average the logarithm of the determinant of the spatial metric over the spatial volume of the visible Universe. The splitting of general coordinate transformations into diffeomorphisms and transformations of the initial data is introduced. In accordance with von Neumann’s procedure, the vacuum state is treated is a quantum ensemble that is degenerate in quantum numbers of nonvacuum states. The distribution of the vacuum state leads to the Casimir effect in gravidynamics in just the same way as in electrodynamics. The generating functional for perturbation theory in gravidynamics is found by solving the quantum energy constraint. The applicability range of gravidynamics is discussed along with the possibility of employing this theory to interpret modern observational data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Einstein, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (Math. Phys.) 44, 778 (1915); Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (Math. Phys.) n48, 844 (1915).
D. Hilbert, Nachr. Kön. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math. -Phys. Kl. 3, 395 (1915).
E. Noether, Nachr. Kön. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math. -Phys. Kl. 235 (1918).
V. Fock, Z. Phys. 57, 261 (1929).
P. A. M. Dirac, Can. J. Math. 2, 129 (1950); Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 246, 326, 333 (1958; Phys. Rev. 114, 924 (1959); The Principles of Quantum Mechanics (Oxford Univ. Press, New York,1982).
R. Arnowitt, S. Deser, and C. W. Misner, in Gravitation: An Introduction to Current Research, Ed. by L. Witten (Wiley, New York, 1962), p. 227.
A. L. Zel’manov and V. G. Agakov, Elements of the General Theory of Relativity (Nauka, Moscow, 1989) [in Russian].
B. S. DeWitt, Phys. Rev. 160, 1113 (1967).
J. A. Wheeler, in Battelle Rencontres: Lectures in Mathematics and Physics, 1967, Ed. by C. M. De-Witt and J. A. Wheeler (Benjamin, New York, 1968), p. 242.
C. W. Misner, Phys. Rev. 186, 1319 (1969).
A. Einstein, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (Math. Phys.), 142 (1917).
P. A. M. Dirac, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 333, 403 (1973).
S. Deser, Ann. Phys. (N. Y.) 59, 248 (1970).
A. B. Borisov and V. I. Ogievetskii, Theor. Math. Phys. 21, 1179 (1974).
S. Coleman, J. Wess, and B. Zumino, Phys. Rev. 177, 2239 (1969)
D. V. Volkov, Sov. J. Part. Nucl. 4, 1 (1973); PreprintNo. 69-73, ITPh (Inst. Theor. Phys., Kiev,1969).
B. M. Barbashov et al., Phys. Lett. B 633, 458 (2006).
A. B. Arbuzov et al., Phys. Lett. B 691, 230 (2010).
V. N. Pervushin et al., Gen. Relativ. Grav. 44, 2745 (2012).
E. P. Wigner, Ann. Math. 40, 149 (1939).
V. I. Ogievetsky, Lett. Nuovo Cimento 8, 988 (1973).
H. B. G. Casimir, Proc. Kön. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. 51, 793 (1948).
M. Bordag et al., Advances in the Casimir Effect (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 2009).
J. von Neumann Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1955), p. 418.
D. I. Blokhintsev, J. Phys. (USSR) 2, 71 (1940).
E. Kasner, Am. J. Math. 43, 217 (1921).
S. Perlmutter et al., Astrophys. J. 517, 565 (1999)
B. P. Schmidt et al., Astrophys. J. 507, 46 (1998).
A. G. Riess et al., Astrophys. J. 560, 49 (2001); 607, 665 (2004).
D. Behnke et al., Phys. Lett. B 530, 20 (2002).
A. F. Zakharov and V. N. Pervushin, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 19, 1875 (2010).
M. A. Markov, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. E65, 85 (1965).
M. A. Markov, Phys. Usp. 37, 57 (1994).
S. Coleman and E. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D 7, 1888 (1973).
V. Pervushin et al., PoS (Baldin ISHEPP XXI) 023 (2012); arXiv: 1209.4460 [hep-ph]
V. Pervushin et al., PoS (Baldin ISHEPP XXII) 136 (2015); arXiv: 1502.00267 [gr-qc].
A. B. Arbuzov et al., arXiv: 1411.5124 [hep-ph].
A. B. Arbuzov et al., Europhys. Lett. 113, 31001 (2016).
A. B. Arbuzov et al., Grav. Cosmol. 15, 199 (2009).
D. J. Cirilo-Lombardo and V. N. Pervushin, Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod. Phys. 13, 1650113 (2016).
L. B. Litov and V. N. Pervushin, Phys. Lett. B 147, 76 (1984).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.B. Arbuzov, A.Yu. Cherny, D.J. Cirilo-Lombardo, R.G. Nazmitdinov, Nguyen Suan Han, A.E. Pavlov, V.N. Pervushin, A.F. Zakharov, 2017, published in Yadernaya Fizika, 2017, Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 275–288.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arbuzov, A.B., Cherny, A.Y., Cirilo-Lombardo, D.J. et al. Von Neumann’s quantization of general relativity. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 80, 491–504 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377881702003X
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377881702003X