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Activity Complexes and Coronal Holes on the Sun: Relationship Phenomenology

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Abstract

The relationship between activity complexes (ACs) and coronal holes (CHs) is analyzed according to the data of the 24th cycle of solar activity. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) The first low-latitude coronal holes manifest themselves as protrusions (“trunks”) of polar coronal holes that extend towards an active region (AR) as part of activity complexes. (2) Isolated (not associated with polar coronal holes) low-latitude coronal holes arise as a result of the evolution of the “trunks” of polar coronal holes. (3) The substitution effect, when a coronal hole arises in place of a decayed activity complex of an active region, manifests itself not in the appearance of a new coronal hole instead of the active region, but in the spread (expansion or lengthening) of the already existing nearby coronal hole to the place of the decayed active region. Coronal holes are born from coronal holes, not from activity complexes, but activity complexes influence their location and shape. (4) High-latitude coronal holes are subject to differential rotation. Low-latitude isolated coronal holes interacting with activity complexes rotate at the Carrington speed. Low-latitude coronal holes not associated with activity complexes are subject to differential rotation. (5) The emergence of “trunks” of polar coronal holes is associated with the influence of active regions (primarily, active regions in the composition of activity complexes). (6) The previously made preliminary conclusion that all activity complexes at a certain stage of their development are associated with nearby coronal holes has been confirmed. This manifests itself in changes in the shape of the boundaries of coronal holes and in the peculiarities of the speed of rotation of coronal holes.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to the referees who made a number of useful remarks.

Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (state assignement FZZE-2020-0017, FZZE-2020-0024, and grant no. 075-ГЗ/Ц3569/278).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Irkutsk State University, 664003, Irkutsk, Russia

    S. A. Yazev & E. S. Isaeva

  2. Institute of Solar–Terrestrial Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia

    S. A. Yazev & V. M. Tomozov

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  1. S. A. Yazev
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  2. V. M. Tomozov
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  3. E. S. Isaeva
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Correspondence to S. A. Yazev.

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Translated by T. Sokolova

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Yazev, S.A., Tomozov, V.M. & Isaeva, E.S. Activity Complexes and Coronal Holes on the Sun: Relationship Phenomenology. Astron. Rep. 66, 1050–1062 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772922100134

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772922100134

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