Abstract
A comparison of sequential extraction methods proposed by F.I. Pavlotskaya [1, 2] and A. Tessier [3] for fractionation of technogenic (137Cs and 90Sr) and natural (226Ra, 232Th, and 238U) radionuclides from soils was performed. It is shown that both methods provide comparable results in the extraction of various forms of occurrence of technogenic radionuclides. Furthermore, both methods indicate a significantly higher availability of 90Sr to plants and its greater ability to migrate with downward soil solution flows in comparison with 137Cs. However, when used for the assessment of the occurrence forms of natural heavy radionuclides, the two methods provide inconsistent results. The Tessier sequential extraction method indicates higher contents of compounds available to plants and mobile compounds in comparison with the Pavlotskaya method. A possible reason behind this may be the soil chemistry complexity of radionuclides such as 232Th and 238U that feature polyvalence and a strong tendency for hydrolysis and complex formation; in addition, their behavior may be affected by various carriers. These elements form a broad range of compounds that change one into another with changes in the chemical conditions; this complicates accurate comparison of the composition of their forms extracted by reagents used in the above methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Pavlotskaya, F.I., Forms of occurrence and migration of radioactive products of global fallouts in soils, Extended Abstract of Doctoral (Chem.) Dissertation, Moscow: Inst. Geokhim. Anal. Khim. im. V.I. Vernadskogo Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1981.
Goryachenkova, T.A., Kazinskaya, I.E., Novikov, A.P., et al., Comparison of methods for assessing plutonium speciation in environmental objects, Radiochemistry, 2005, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 599–604.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., and Bisson, M., Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals, Anal. Chem., 1979, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 844–851.
Filgueiras, A.V., Lavilla, I., and Bendicho, C., Chemical sequential extraction for metal partitioning in environmental solid samples, J. Environ. Monit., 2002, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 823–857.
Ladonin, D.V., Heavy metal compounds in soils: problems and methods of study, Eurasian Soil Sci., 2002, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 605–614.
Clark, S.B., Johnson, W.H., Malek, M.A., et al., A comparison of sequential extraction techniques to estimate geochemical controls on the mobility of fission product, actinide, and heavy metal contaminants in soils, Radiochim. Acta, 1996, vol. 74, no. s1.
Gworek, B. and Mocek, A., Comparison of sequential extraction methods with reference to zinc fractions in contaminated soils, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 2003, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 41–48.
Oyeyiola, A.O., Olayinka, K.O., and Alo, B.I., Comparison of three sequential extraction protocols for the fractionation of potentially toxic metals in coastal sediments, Environ. Monit. Assess., 2011, vol. 172, nos. 1–4, pp. 319–327.
Plekhanova, I.O. and Bambusheva, V.A., Extraction methods for studying the fractional composition of heavy metals in soils and their comparative assessment, Eurasian Soil Sci., 2010, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 1004–1010.
Tasic, A., Sredovic-Ignjatovic, I., Ignjatovic, L., et al., Comparison of sequential and single extraction in order to estimate environmental impact of metals from fly ash, J. Serbian Chem. Soc, 2016, vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 1081–1096.
Tlustoš, P., Száková, J., Stárková, A., and Pavlíková, D., A comparison of sequential extraction procedures for fractionation of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc in soil, Cent. Eur. J. Chem., 2005, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 830–851.
Blanco, P., Tomé, F.V., and Lozano, J.C., Sequential extraction for radionuclide fractionation in soil samples: a comparative study, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 2004, vol. 61, nos. 2–3, pp. 345–350.
Schultz, M.K., Burnett, W., Inn, K.G.W., and Smith, G., Geochemical partitioning of actinides using sequential chemical extractions: comparison to stable elements, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1998, vol. 234, nos. 1–2, pp. 251–256.
Miller, W.P., Martens, D.C., and Zelazny, L.W., Effect of sequence in extraction of trace metals from soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 1986, vol. 50, no. 3, p. 598.
Smith, G.E., Fractionation of Actinide Elements in Sediments via an Optimized Protocol for Sequential Extractions, Florida State University, 1998.
Shcheglov, A.I., Biogeokhimiya tekhnogennykh radionuklidov v lesnykh ekosistemakh: po materialam 10-letnikh issledovanii v zone vliyaniya avarii na ChAES (Biogeochemistry of Artificial Radionuclides in Forest Ecosystems Based on the Results of Ten Years of Research in the Impact Area of the Chernobyl Accident), Moscow: Nauka, 2000.
Tyazhelye estestvennye radionuklidy v biosfere: migratsiya i biologicheskoe deistvie na populyatsii i biogeotsenozy (Heavy Natural Radionuclides in the Biosphere: Migration and the Biological Effect on Populations and Biogeocoenoses), Moscow: Nauka, 1990.
Kruglov, S.V., Kurinov, A.D., and Arkhipov, N.P., Forms of occurrence of radionuclides in the soils of the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and their change over time, in IV Mezhdunar. nauch.-tekhn. konf. “Itogi 8 let raboty po likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na ChAES”, Sbornik dokladov (Proc. IV Int. Sci.-Techn. Conf. “The Results of Eight Years of Work in the Aftermath of the Chernobyl Accident”), Chernobyl, 1994, vol. 1, pp. 243–250.
Arkhipov, N.P., Fedorova, T.A., and Fevraleva, L.T., Relative amounts of compounds of heavy natural radionuclides, Sov. Soil Sci., 1986, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 66–70.
Kruglov, S.V., Aleksakhin, R.M., Vasil’yeva, N.A., Kurinov, A.D., and Ratnikov, A.N., Evolution of the radionuclide composition of soils near the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station, Sov. Soil Sci., 1991, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 58–66.
Metodika prigotovleniya schetnykh obraztsov prob pochvy dlya izmereniya aktivnosti strontsiya-90 na beta-spektrometricheskikh kompleksakh s programmnym obespecheniem “Progress” (A Method of Preparation of Count Samples of Soil Specimens for Measuring the Activity of Strontium-90 Using Beta-Spectrometer Complexes with the Progress Software), OOO NTTs Amplituda, 1997.
Metodika prigotovleniya schetnykh obraztsov iz prob pit’evoi vody dlya izmereniya aktivnosti ERN s ispol’zovaniem radiologicheskogo kompleksa s programmnym obespecheniem “Progress” (A Method of Preparation of Count Samples of Drinking Water Specimens for Measuring the Activity of Natural Radionuclides Using a Radiological Complex with the Progress Software), OOO NTTs Amplituda, 2006.
Vdovenko, V.M. and Dubasov, Yu.V., Analiticheskaya khimiya radiya (Analytical Chemistry of Radium), Leningrad: Nauka, 1973.
Sanzharova, N.I., Sysoeva, A.A., Isamov, N.N., Aleksakhin, R.M., Kuznetsov, V.K., and Zhigareva, T.L., The role of chemistry in the rehabilitation of agricultural lands affected by radioactive contamination, Ross. Khim. Zh., 2005, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 26–34.
Konopleva, I.V., Selective sorption of radiocesium by sorbents based on natural clay, Sorbts. Khromatogr. Prots., 2016, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 446–456.
Bolt, G.H., Sumner, M.E., and Kamphorst, A., A study of the equilibria between three categories of potassium in an illitic soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 1963, vol. 27, no. 3, p. 294.
Cremers, A., Elsen, A., De Preter, P., and Maes, A., Quantitative analysis of radiocaesium retention in soils, Nature, 1988, vol. 335, no. 6187, pp. 247–249.
Rachkova, N.G., Shuktomova, I.I., and Taskaev, A.I., The state of natural radionuclides of uranium, radium, and thorium in soils, Eurasian Soil Sci., 2010, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 651–658.
Funding
This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-04-00584 A.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Translated by L. Emeliyanov
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Manakhov, D.V., Emelyanov, A.M., Karpukhin, M.M. et al. Comparison of Methods for Assessment of Radionuclide Speciation in Soils. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 46, 1671–1678 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359019120057
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359019120057