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Estimation of the Toxicity of a Metal/Carbon Nanocomposite of Copper by Biotesting

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Abstract—The toxic effect of a metal/carbon copper nanocomposite (Me/C Cu NC) on higher plant seeds and the Ecolum-8 bacterial sensor was evaluated. A significant inhibitory effect of 0.1% nanomaterial on the seedlings of radish seeds was established. Some stimulating effect on the development of the roots of this culture was found at a concentration of 1 × 10–8%, but it was insignificant (by 11.3%). When wheat was used as a test object, its root growth was inhibited when the seeds were treated with the nanocomposite at a concentration of 0.1 and 0.01% (a decrease of 30.2 and 79.6%, respectively). No stimulating effect on the wheat root system was revealed. The preparation also had no effect on the development of the aerial part of wheat seedlings, with the exception of 60.0% growth inhibition in the option of treatment with a 0.1% Me/C Cu NC solution. Lyophilized cells of the Escherichia coli K12 TG1 strain (pXen7) containing the full lux-operon of Photorhabdus luminescens were used as a second biotesting object. Based on bioluminescence analysis, it was found that all studied concentrations of the copper nanocomposite were highly toxic for the bacterial strain (toxicity index >70%). The value of the toxicological parameter EC50, corresponding to the concentration of the substance that causes 50% inhibition of the luminescence of the sensory microorganism as compared with the control, turned out to be lower than the minimum tested concentration of the MeC NC Cu solutions. The calculation was made mathematically, and the likely value of EC50 was equal to 0.016 μg/mL.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to the Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resource Saving Technologies, Institute of Mechanics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Physical and Engineering Sciences V.V. Trineeva, the Head of the group of the OAO IEMZ Kupol Research and Innovation Center Yu.V. Pershin for the metal/carbon nanocomposite of copper provided for the studies; the Head of the Immunoregulation Laboratory of the Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences Professor S.V. Shirshev and Senior Researcher, Candidate of Biological Sciences I.L. Maslennikova for providing the Ecolum-8 bacterial sensor.

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  1. Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 426067, Izhevsk, Russia

    A. V. Khudyakova, T. G. Lekontseva & A. V. Fedorov

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  1. A. V. Khudyakova
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  2. T. G. Lekontseva
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  3. A. V. Fedorov
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Correspondence to A. V. Khudyakova.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Translated by S. Avodkova

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Khudyakova, A.V., Lekontseva, T.G. & Fedorov, A.V. Estimation of the Toxicity of a Metal/Carbon Nanocomposite of Copper by Biotesting. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 46, 1359–1363 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359019100145

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