Abstract
A quantitative detection method for curved metal defects based on flexible array electromagnetic sensor and four-axis platform is proposed in this paper. Under the control of a four-axis platform, the flexible array eddy current sensor can fully fit the complex curved surface, where the R-axis (rotation axis) controls the surface attitude, and the X/Y/Z axis controls the sensor movement position. Firstly, according to the rotation matrix, we derive the correlation between the rotation angle of R-axis and the inclination angle of the measured segment. Then, the detection path calculation and planning method of the complex surface is established. So, 3D defect detection images can be reconstructed according to the location information and sensor signals. Finally, we realize the quantitative detection of defects on complex curved metal based on the maximum interclass variance method. Experimental results show that this method can reconstruct the three-dimensional detection image of complex curved metal surfaces, and the quantitative detection of complex surface defects can be realized based on the image, and the quantitative error is less than 6%.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Matta, A.K., Kodali, S.P., Ivvala, J., and Kumar, P.J., Metal prototyping the future of automobile industry: A review, 8th Int. Conf. Mater. Proces. Charact. Hyderabad, 2018, vol. 5, pp. 17597–17601.
Sanin, V.N., Andreev, D.E., and Yukhvid, V.I., Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis metallurgy of pipes with wear-resistant protective coating with the use of industrial wastes of metallurgy production, Russ. J. Non-Ferrous Met., 2013, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 274–279.
Fousova, M., Dvorsky, D., Vronka, M., Vojtech, D., and Lejcek, P., The use of selective laser melting to increase the performance of AlSi9Cu3Fe alloy, Materials, 2018, vol. 11, no. 10, p. 1918.
Li, Y., Liu, Q., Chen, Y., and Li, M., Helical-contact deformation measuring method in oil-gas pipelines, Int. J. Rob. Autom., 2017, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 55–62.
Rojas, J.I., Cabrera, B., Musterni, G., Nicolas, J., Tristancho, J., and Crespo, D., Innovative NDT technique based on ferrofluids for detection of surface cracks, J. Nondestr. Eval., 2015, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 36.
Park, S.H., Eo, D.R., Cho, J.W., and Jhang, K.Y., Nondestructive evaluation of micro-oxide inclusions in additively manufactured metal parts using nonlinear ultrasonic technique, J. Mater. Proces. Technol., 2021, vol. 298, p. 117281.
Jing, Y.H., et al., X-ray inspection of MIM 418 superalloy turbine wheels and defects analysis, Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2017, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 317–321.
Shrifan, N., Akbar, M.F., and Isa, N.A.M., Prospect of using artificial intelligence for microwave nondestructive testing technique: A review, IEEE Access, 2019, vol. 7, pp. 110628–110650.
Ziouche, A., Zergoug, M., Boucherrou, N., Boudjellal, H., Mokhtari, M., and Abaidia, S., Pulsed eddy current signal analysis of ferrous and non-ferrous metals under thermal and corrosion solicitations, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2017, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 652–659.
Balageas, D., et al., Thermal (IR) and other NDT techniques for improved material inspection, J. Nondestr. Eval., 2016, vol. 35, no. 1, p. 18.
Zhang, K., He, Y.Z., and Dong, Z.R., Pulsed eddy current nondestructive testing for defect evaluation and imaging of automotive lightweight alloy materials, J. Sensors, 2018, vol. 2018, p. 1639387.
Vijayachandrika, T., Thirunavukkarasu, S., and Rao, B.P.C., Comprehensive study on radial coil influence in designing segmented remote field eddy current probe for defect detection in ferromagnetic tubes, Nondestr. Test. Eval., 2022, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 346–365.
Zhang, W.P., Wang, C.L., Xie, F.Q., and Zhang, H.Y., Defect imaging curved surface based on flexible eddy current array sensor, Measurement, 2020, vol. 151, p. 107280.
Grosso, M., et al., Eddy current and inspection of coatings for storage tanks, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2018, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 356–360.
Tao, Y., Peng, L., Li, X.G., and Ye, C.F., Eddy current probe with integrated tunnel magnetoresistance array sensors for tube inspection, IEEE Trans. Magn., 2020, vol. 56, no. 5.
Nguyen, H.T., et al., Surface and subsurface eddy-current imaging with GMR sensor, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2021, vol. 70, p. 6011310.
Kim, D.H., et al., Ultrathin silicon circuits with strain-isolation layers and mesh layouts for high-performance electronics on fabric, vinyl, leather, and paper, Adv. Mater., 2009, vol. 21, no. 36, pp. 3703–3707.
Chen, D.X., Xie, R.F., Zhou, W.H., Hu, H.J., and Pan, M.C., Multi-channel transimpedance measurement of a planar electromagnetic sensor array, Meas. Sci. Technol., 2015, vol. 26, no. 2, p. 025102.
Liu, L.H., Pan, M.C., Tian, W.G., Chen, D.X., and Ren, Y., Channel consistency calibration of planar eddy current sensor arrays, Insight, 2018, vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 507–511.
Ma, H., Ye, X., Chen, D., Liu, L., and Ren, Y., Imaging and quantitative detection of complex defects with a flexible electromagnetic array sensor, Insight, 2022, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 213–218.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ma, H., Ye, X., Chen, D. et al. Quantitative Detection Method for Defects of Curved Metal Materials Based on Four-Axis Platform and Flexible Array Electromagnetic Sensor. Russ J Nondestruct Test 58, 1018–1025 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830922600423
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830922600423