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Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Titanium Aluminide Alloy Ti–Al–V–Nb–Cr–Gd Produced by Selective Electron Beam Melting

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Abstract

This study examines the influence of hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of specimens manufactured by selective electron beam melting (SEBM) of the metal powder composition (MPC fraction 40–100 μm) of a new six-component intermetallic beta-solidifying TiAl alloy Ti–44.5Al–2V–1Nb–2Cr–0.1Gd, at % (Ti–31.0Al–2.5V–2.5Nb–2.5Cr–0.4Gd, wt %). It is shown that SEBM with a high line energy input (EL = 285 J/m) produces a fine-grained microstructure in the as-built material with a grain size of 5–14 μm and residual porosity of less than 0.5 vol %. An increase in the electron beam current (I) from 9.5 to 19.0 mA intensifies Al evaporation, as a result, the fraction of large columnar grains (d = 30–100 μm in width, h = 150–400 µm in height) formed mainly in Al-depleted regions (layers) increases. Heat treatment of the as-built SEBM specimens by two-stage annealing in the (α + γ)- and (α2 + γ + β)-phase fields or by thermal cycling in the (α + γ)-phase field leads to complete or partial fragmentation of columnar grains. Combined postprocessing of the specimens produced at lower I by hot isostatic pressing in the α-phase field and two-stage annealing completely eliminates residual porosity and transforms the columnar structure into a fine-grained one with the grain size less than 150 μm. As a result, the achieved short-term mechanical characteristics at 20°С (UTS = 525 ± 5 MPa, δ = 1.1%) and 750°С (UTS = 405 ± 10 MPa, δ = 3.8%) are comparable to those of the studied TiAl alloy in the as-cast state.

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Notes

  1. The designations are used in accordance with GOST R 59929-2021 “Additive Technologies. Data for Test Specimens Prepared by Additive Manufacturing. General Requirements”.

  2. The role of individual phases in gamma alloy strengthening can be evaluated by nanoindentation. Thus, the as-cast hardness (Berkovich indenter) is 4.4 ± 0.3 GPa for the γ phase, 6.2 ± 0.4 GPa for the β0 phase [32], and 6.8–8.0 GPa for the α2 phase depending on the interlamellar spacing [39].

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to N.A. Mikhailova and P.V. Suvorov (NRC “Kurchatov Institute” – VIAM, Moscow) for assistance in nondestructive testing by X-ray computed tomography.

The work was carried out using the equipment of the Climatic Tests Core Facility of the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” – VIAM.

Funding

The work was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant No. 18-79-10249, https://rscf.ru/project/18-79-10249/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials (VIAM) – NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 105005, Moscow, Russia

    P. V. Panin, S. A. Naprienko & E. B. Alekseev

  2. Moscow Aviation Institute, 125993, Moscow, Russia

    E. A. Lukina

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Panin, P.V., Lukina, E.A., Naprienko, S.A. et al. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Titanium Aluminide Alloy Ti–Al–V–Nb–Cr–Gd Produced by Selective Electron Beam Melting. Phys Mesomech 27, 163–174 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S102995992402005X

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