Abstract
In the work, we studied the special features of deformation and fracture of quenched steel 50 (0.51%) under static and cyclic tension after combined strain-heat nanostructuring treatment, which includes fictional treatment with subsequent tempering at 350°C. It is shown that the combined nanostructuring treatment of quenched steel 50 changes the character of plastic flow, making it more uniform, in the loaded material. Under static tension, this shows up as disappearance of the yield plateau early in the process, and under cyclic loading, as suppression of the deformation relief formed by shear and rotational deformation modes. Despite incipient cracks, the hardened surface layer thus escapes complete fracture throughout the fatigue loading and preserves its resistance to mechanical contact action.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Panin, V.E., Physical Mesomechanics of Solid Surface Layers, Phys. Mesomech., 1999, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 5–21.
Panin, V.E., Sergeev, V.P., and Panin, A.V., Nanostructuring of Surface Layers of Structural Materials and Deposition of Nanostructured Coatings, Tomsk: TPU Publ., 2008.
Chen, X.H., Lu, J., Lu, L., and Lu, K., Tensile Properties of a Nanocrystalline 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel, Scripta Mater., 2005, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 1039–1044.
Roland, T., Retraint, D., Lu, K., and Lu, J., Fatigue Life Improvement through Surface Nanostructuring of Stainless Steel by Means of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment, Scripta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 1949–1954.
Mordyuk, B.N. and Prokopenko, G.I., Ultrasonic Impact Peening for the Surface Properties Management, J. Sound Vibration, 2007, vol. 308, no. 3–5, pp. 855–866.
Nalla, R.K., Altenberger, I., Noster, U., Liu, G.Y., Scholtes, B., and Ritchie, R.O., On the Influence of Mechanical Surface Treatments—Deep Rolling and Laser Shock Peening—on the Fatigue Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2003, vol. 355, no. 1–2, pp. 216–230.
Torres, M.A.S. and Voorwald, H.J.C., An Evaluation of Shot Peening, Residual Stress and Stress Relaxation on the Fatigue Life of AISI 4340 Steel, Int. J. Fatigue, 2002, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 877–886.
Makarov, A.V., Nanostructuring Friction Treatment of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels, Perspective Materials. Vol. 4, Textbook, Merson, D.L., Ed., Tolyatti: TSU, 2011.
Makarov, A.V., Malygina, I.Yu., and Osintseva, A.L., Effect of Laser Treatment on the Structure, Wear Resistance, and Fatigue Properties of High-Strength Cast Ion, Fiz. Khim. Obr. Mat., 2006, no. 4, pp. 46–55.
Makarov, A.V., Savrai, R.A., Malygina, I.Yu., and Pozdejeva, N.A., Effect of Hardening Frictional Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Deformation Features under Static and Cyclic Loading of Low-Carbon Steel, Fiz. Khim. Obr. Mat., 2009, no. 1, pp. 92–102.
Makarov, A.V., Savrai, R.A., Pozdejeva, N.A., Smirnov, S.V., Vichuzhanin, D.I., Korshunov, L.G., and Malygina, I.Yu., Effect of Hardening Friction Treatment with Hard-Alloy Indenter on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Deformation and Fracture Features of Constructional Steel under Static and Cyclic Tension, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, vol. 205, no. 3, pp. 841–852.
Makarov, A.V., Pozdejeva, N.A., Savrai, R.A., Yurovskikh, A.S., and Malygina, I.Yu., Effect of the Frictional and Combined Strain-Heat Treatments on Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Quenched Structural Steel, Izv. Samar. Nauch. Tsentra RAN, 2011, vol. 13, no. 4(3), pp. 799–804.
Hanlon, T., Kwon, Y.-N., and Suresh, S., Grain Size Effects on the Fatigue Response of Nanocrystalline Metals, Scripta Mater., 2003, vol. 49, pp. 675–680.
Mughrabi, H., Höppel, H.W., and Kautz, M., Fatigue and Microstructure of Ultrafine-Grained Metals Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation, Scripta Mater., 2004, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 807–812.
Panin, A.V., Klimenov, V.A., Pochivalov, Yu.I., and Son, A.A., Effect of Surface Layer State on Plastic Flow and Strength of Low-Carbon Steel, Phys. Mesomech., 2001, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 81–88.
Panin, A.V., Leontyeva-Smirnova, M.V., Chernov, V.M., Panin, V.E., Pochivalov, Yu.I., and Melnikova, E.A., Strength Enhancement of Structural Steel EK-181 Based on the Multilevel Approach of Physical Mesomechanics, Phys. Mesomech., 2008, vol. 11, no. 1–2, pp. 85–96.
Roland, T., Retraint, D., Lu, K., and Lu, J., Enhanced Mechanical Behavior of a Nanocrystallised Stainless Steel and Its Thermal Stability, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2007, vol. 445446, pp. 281–288.
Wang, J.T., Xu, C., Du, Z.Z., Qu, G.Z., and Langdon, T.G., Microstructure and Properties of a Low-Carbon Steel Processed by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2005, vol.410–411, pp. 312–315.
Astafurova, E.G., Zakharova, G.G., Naydenkin, E.V., Raab, G.I., and Dobatkin, S.V., Structure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Ferrite-Pearlite Steel after Severe Plastic Deformation and Subsequent High-Temperature Annealing, Phys. Mesomech., 2011, vol. 14, no. 3–4, pp. 195–203.
Makarov, A.V., Gorkunov, E.S., Savrai, R.A., Kolobylin, Yu.M., Kogan, L.Kh, Pozdejeva, N.A., and Malygina, I.Yu., Magnetic and Eddy-Current Testing of Hardened Constructional Steel Subjected to Combined Strain-Thermal Treatment, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2012, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 673–685.
Makarov, A.V., Korshunov, L.G., and Osintseva, A.L., Patent 2194773 RF, A Method of Treatment of Steel Parts, Byul. Izobr. Polez. Mod., 2002, no. 35.
Makarov, A.V., Korshunov, L.G., Malygina, I.Yu., and Solodova, I.L., Raising the Heat and Wear Resistances of Hardened Carbon Steels by Friction Strengthening Treatment, Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 2007, vol. 49, no. 3–4, pp. 150–156.
Makarov, A.V., Korshunov, L.G., Savrai, R.A., Davydova, N.A., Malygina, I.Yu., and Chernenko, N.L., Influence of Prolonged Heating on Thermal Softening, Chemical Composition, and Evolution of the Nanocrystalline Structure Formed in Quenched High-Carbon Steel upon Friction Treatment, Phys. Met. Metallogr., 2014, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 303–314.
Kragelskii, I.V., Dobychin, M.N., and Kombalov, V.S., Foundations of Calculations for Friction and Wear, Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1977.
Vychuzhanin, D.I., Makarov, A.V., Smirnov, S.V., Pozdeeva, N.A., and Malygina, I.Yu., Stress and Strain and Damage during Frictional Strengthening Treatment of Flat Steel Surface with a Sliding Cylindrical Indenter, J. Mach. Manuf. Reliab., 2011, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 554–560.
Makarov, A.V., Korshunov, L.G., Vykhodets, V.B., Kurennykh, T.E., and Savrai, R.A., Effect of Strengthening Friction Treatment on the Chemical Composition, Structure, and Tribological Properties of a High-Carbon Steel, Phys. Met. Metallogr., 2010, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. 507–521.
Makarov, A.V., Pozdejeva, N.A., Savrai, R.A., Yurovskikh, A.S., and Malygina, I.Yu., Improvement of Wear Resistance of Quenched Structural Steel by Nanostructuring Frictional Treatment, J. Frict. W., 2012, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 433–442.
Makarov, A.V., Gorkunov, E.S., Savrai, R.A., Kolobylin, Yu.M., Kogan, L.Kh, Yurovskikh A.S., Pozdejeva, N.A., and Malygina, I.Yu., The Peculiarities of Magnetic and Eddy-Current Testing of Quenched Structural Steel Hardened by Nanostructuring Frictional Treatment, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2012, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 615–622.
Korshunov, L.G., Makarov, A.V., and Chernenko, N.L., Ultrafine Structures Formed upon Friction and Their Effect on the Tribological Properties of Steels, Phys. Met. Metallogr., 2000, vol. 90, S. 1, pp. S48–S58.
Korshunov, L.G., Shabashov, V.A., Chernenko, N.L., and Pilyugin, V.P., Influence of the Stressed State of the Zone of Friction Contact on the Formation of the Structure of a Surface Layer and Tribological Properties of Steels and Alloys, Phys. Met. Metallogr., 2008, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 64–78.
Korshunov, L.G., Makarov, A.V., and Chernenko, N.L., Nanocrystalline Structures Formed upon Friction in Steels and Aloys, Their Strength and Tribological Properties, Development of Ideas of Academician Sadovskii V.D., Yekaterinburg: Kvist, 2008, pp. 218–241.
Kuznetsov, V.P., Nikonov, A.Yu., Dmitriev, A.I., Psakhie, S.G., and Makarov, A.V., Nanostructuring Mechanisms of a Surface Layer under Plastic Deformation with a Gliding Indenter. Atomic Scale Simulation, Fiz. Mezomekh., 2012, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 59–69.
Vladimirov, V.I., Problems in Friction and Wear Physics, Wear Resistance Physics of Metallic Surfaces, Leningrad: Ioffe Institute, 1988, pp. 8–41.
Likhachev, V.A., Panin, V.E., Zasimchuk, E.S., et al., Co-operative Deformation Processes and Localization of Deformation, Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1989.
Kuznetsov, V.P., Smolin, I.Yu., Dmitriev, A.I., Konovalov, D.A., Makarov, A.V., Kiryakov, A.E., and Yurovskikh, A.S., Finite Element Simulation of Nanostructuring Burnishing, Phys. Mesomech., 2013, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 62–72.
Gavrilyuk, V.G., Carbon Distribution in Steel, Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1987.
Makarov, A.V. and Korshunov, L.G., Strength and Wear Resistance of Nanocrystal Structures on Friction Surfaces of Steels with Martensitic Base, Russ. Phys. J., 2004, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 857–871.
Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, J.M., An Improved Technique for Determining Hardness and Elastic Modulus Using Load and Displacement Sensing Indentation Experiments, J. Mater. Res., 1992, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1564–1583.
Savrai, R.A., Makarov, A.V., Schastlivtsev, V.M., Tabatchikova, T.I., Yakovleva, I.L., and Egorova, L.Yu., Behavior of Pearlite of Various Morphologies during Cyclic Tension, Russ. Met. (Metally), 2010, no. 4, pp. 310–315.
Firstov, S.A., Gorban, V.F., and Pechkovskii, E.P., Automatic Indentation for Determining Limiting Values of Strength, Elastic Deformation, and Corresponding Stress of Materials, Materialovedenie, 2008, no. 8, pp. 15–21.
Cheng, Y.T. and Cheng, C.M., Relationships between Hardness, Elastic Modulus and the Work of Indentation, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1998, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 614–618.
Petrzhik, M.I., Shtanskii, D.V., and Levashov, E.A., Modern Methods of Estimation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Friction Surfaces, Proc. X-th Inter. Sci. Conf. on High Technologies in Russian Industry, Moscow: Tekhnomach TsNITI, 2004, pp. 311–318.
Mayrhofer, P.H., Mitterer, C., and Musil, J., Structure-Property Relationships in Single- and Dual-Phase Nanocrystalline Hard Coatings, Surf. Coat. Tech., 2003, vol. 174–175, pp. 725–731.
Klesnil, M. and Lukáš, P., Fatigue of Metallic Materials. Materials Science Monographs, Vol. 71, New York: Elsevier, 1992.
Terentyev, V.F., Fatigue Strength of Metals and Alloys, Moscow: Imtermed Engineering, 2002.
Dudarev, Ye.F., Pochivalova, G.P., and Bakach, G.P., Scale Levels of Shear Stability Loss during Nucleation, Formation and Propagation of Lüders-Chernov Bands, Phys. Mesomech., 1999, vol. 2, no. 1–2, pp. 99–106.
Panin, V.E., Pleshanov, V.S., Grinyaev, Yu.V., and Kobzeva, S.A., Formation of Periodic Mesoband Structures in the Tension of Polycrystals with Long Boundaries, J. Appl. Mech. Techn. Phys., 1998, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 605–610.
Panin, V.E., Egorushkin, V.E., Panin, A.V., and Moiseenko, D.D., On the Nature of Plastic Strain Localization in Solids, Tech. Phys. Russ. J. Appl. Phys., 2007, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1024–1030.
Makarov, A.V., Gorkunov, E.S., Savrai, R.A., Kogan, L.Kh., Yurovskikh, A.S., Kolobylin, Yu.M., Malygina, I.Yu., and Davydova N.A., The Influence of a Combined Strain-Heat Treatment on the Features of Electromagnetic Testing of Fatigue Degradation of Quenched Constructional Steel, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2013, vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 690704.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.V. Makarov, R.A. Savrai, E.S. Gorkunov, A.S. Yurovskikh, I.Yu. Malygina, N.A. Davydova, 2014, published in Fizicheskaya Mezomekhanika, 2014, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 5–20.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Makarov, A.V., Savrai, R.A., Gorkunov, E.S. et al. Structure, mechanical characteristics, and deformation and fracture features of quenched structural steel under static and cyclic loading after combined strain-heat nanostructuring treatment. Phys Mesomech 18, 43–57 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1029959915010063
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1029959915010063