Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Variation of allele composition and protein locus expression in the course of genetic differentiation of taxa of different ranks in the mammals

  • Animal Genetics
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The contributions of different groups of loci, namely those identical (i), similar (s), and different (d) with respect to allele composition and the loci expressed in only one of two compared objects (0), into the differentiation of marsupial and placental mammals have been evaluated. An increase in the proportions of d and 0 loci with increasing taxon rank has been demonstrated. At the intraspecific level, identical loci are prevailing, and d loci are rare; the latter are more common in subspecies. At the species level, the proportions of different (d) and similar (s) loci are increased, but the proportion of i loci is still the highest. Only at the genus level does the proportion of different loci reach 41–49%; 0 loci are found in marsupials and small placental mammals, and the number of s loci is decreased. In large placental mammals, this trend is disrupted at the subspecies level, where the contribution of s loci is drastically increased, while the proportion of identical ones (i) is decreased. Comparison with data on other groups of vertebrates shows that the ratios between these groups of loci reflect the specificity of differentiation processes at the intraspecific level and the levels of species and taxa of higher ranks in all classes of animal analyzed. However, the species differentiation in amphibians approximately corresponds to the genus level in mammals and the family level in birds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Baker, R.J. and Bradley, R.D., Speciation in Mammals and the Genetic Species Concept, J. Mammal., 2006, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 643–662.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Truveller, K.A. and Chernyshov, K.I., Contributions of Expression Redistribution and Allele Substitutions to the Genetic Differentiation of Animal Taxa of Different Ranks, Russ. J. Genet., 2007, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 1350–1356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baverstock, P.K, Archer, M., Adams, M., and Richardson, B.J, Genetic Relationships among 32 Species of Australian Dasyurid Marsupials, in Carnivorous Marsupials, Archer, M., Ed., Sydney: Roy. Zool. Soc. N.S.W., 1982, pp. 641–650.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Blacket, M.J., Adams, M., Cooper, S.J.B., et al., Systematics and Evolution of the Dasyurid Marsupial Genus Sminthopsis: I. The Macrura Species Group, J. Mammalian Evol., 2001, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 149–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Westerman, M., Young, J., Donnellan, S., et al., Molecular Relationships of New Guinean Three-Striped Dasyures (Myoictis, Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), J. Mammalian Evol., 2006, vol. 13, pp. 211–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sinclair, E.A., Phylogeographic Variation in the Quokka, Setonix brachyurus (Marsupialia: Macropodidae): Implications for Conservation, Anim. Conservation, 2001, vol. 4, pp. 325–333.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sinclair, E.A. and Westerman, M., Phylogenetic Relationships within the Genus Potorous (Marsupialia: Potoridae) Based on Allozyme Electrophoresis and Sequence Analysis of the Cytochrome b Gene, J. Mammalian Evol., 1997, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 147–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Bogdanov, A.S., Allozyme Variation of the Pygmy Wood Mouse Sylvaemus uralensis (Rodentia, Muridae) and Estimation of the Divergence of Its Chromosome Forms, Russ. J. Genet., 2004, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 897–909.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Tryfonopoulos, G., Chondropoulous, B., and Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S., Allozymic Polymorphism among 14 Populations of the House Mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, from Greece, Biochem. Genet., 2005, vol. 43, nos. 1–2, pp. 11–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Awasthi, M., Bhat, K.V., and Anand, R.K., Genetic Heterogeneity in the Indian Mus musculus, Biochem. Genet., 1998, vol. 36, nos. 7–8, pp. 245–258.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Mezhzherin, S.V., Genetic Divergence of Wood Mice of the Subgenus Sylvaemus, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1987, vol. 296, no. 5, pp. 1255–1257.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Milishnikov, A.N., Comparative Protein Variation in Populations, in Domovaya mysh’: proiskhozhdenie, rasprostranenie, sistematika, povedenie (The House Mouse: Origin, Distribution, Systematics, and Behavior), Sokolov, V.E., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 1994, pp. 116–137.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mezhzherin, S.V., Biochemical Systematics, in Domovaya mysh’: proiskhozhdenie, rasprostranenie, sistematika, povedenie (The House Mouse: Origin, Distribution, Systematics, and Behavior), Sokolov, V.E., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 1994, pp. 27–36.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bonhomme, F., Catalan, J., Britton-Davidian, J., et al., Biochemical Diversity and Evolution in the Genus Mus, Biochem. Genet., 1984, vol. 22, nos. 3–4, pp. 275–303.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Singh, S. and Sharma, T., High Levels of Genetic Variation in Indian Field and House Mice, J. Genet., 1997, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 189–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Awasthi, M., Bhat, K.V., and Anand, R.K., Allozymic Variation in Four Indian Species of Genus Mus: A Comparative Analysis, J. Genet., 1999, vol. 78, pp. 73–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mezhzherin, S.V., Biochemical Systematics of the Genus Arvicola, in Vodyanaya polevka: obraz vida (Water Vole: Species Image), Pavlov, D.S., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 2001, pp. 159–163.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Frisman, L.V., Kartavtseva, I.V., Pavlenko, M.V., et al., Gene-Geographic Variation and Genetic Differentiation in Red-Backed Voles of the Genus Clethrionomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Region of the Sea of Okhotsk, Russ. J. Genet., 2002, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 538–547.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Frisman, L.V., Kartavtseva, I.V., Kostenko, V.A., et al., Gene Geographical Variation and Genetic Differentiation of Root Vole (Microtus oeconomus Pallas, 1776, Cricetidae, Rodentia) in the Kuril Islands, Russ. J. Genet., 2003, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1152–1160.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Milishnikov, A.N., Population-Genetic Structure of Beaver (Castor fiber L., 1758) Communities and Estimation of Effective Reproductive Size Ne of an Elementary Population, Russ. J. Genet., 2004, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 773–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Milishnikov, A.N., Lavrenchenko, L.A., Aniskin, V.M., and Varshavskii, A.A., Allozyme Variability among Populations of Three Species of Brush-Furred Mice (Lophuromys, Rodentia, Muridae) from the Bale Mountains National Park (Ethiopia), Russ. J. Genet., 2000, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 1431–1439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Slimen, H.B., Suchentrunk, F., Memmi, A., and Elgaaied, A.B.A., Biochemical Genetic Relationships among Tunisian Hares (Lepus sp.), South African Cape Hares (L. capensis), and European Brown Hares (L. europaeus), Biochem. Genet., 2005, vol. 43, nos. 11–12, pp. 577–596.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Vapa, L., Djan, M., Obrent, D., et al., Allozyme Variability of Brown Hares (Lepus europaeus) from the Vojvodina (Serbia), Compared to Central and Southeastern European Populations, Acta Zool., 2007, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 75–87.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Vidya, T.N.C., Fernando, P., Melnick, D.J., and Sukumar, R., Population Differentiation within and among Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Populations in Southern India, Heredity, 2005, vol. 94, pp. 71–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Yermolaev, V.I., Savina, M.A., Gorelov, I.G., et al., Characteristics of Immunogenetic Systems and Blood Serum Proteins in Some Pig Breeds and Georgian and Western Siberian Wild Boar Populations, Russ. J. Genet., 2001, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 513–518.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Xiaoqiu Wu, Bo Ding, and Ya-ping Zhang, Genetic Diversity of Chinese Native Pigs Inferred from Protein Electrophoresis, Biochem. Genet., 1999, vol. 37, nos. 5–6, pp. 159–173.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Linnell, J.C.D. and Cross, T.F., The Biochemical Systematics of Red and Sika Deer (Genus Cervus) in Ireland, Hereditas, 1991, vol. 115, pp. 267–273.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hartl, G.B., Willing, R., Lang, G., et al., Genetic Variability and Differentiation in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.), Genet. Sel. Evol., vol. 22, pp. 289–306.

  29. Hartl, G.B., Zachos, F.E., Nadlinger, K., et al., Allozyme and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of French Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Populations: Genetic Structure and Its Implications for Management and Conservation, Mamm. Biol., 2005, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 24–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Hartl, G.B. and Reimoser, F., Biochemical Variation in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.): Are r-Strategists among Deer Genetically Less Variable than k-Strategists?, Heredity, 1988, vol. 60, pp. 221–227.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Wang, M. and Schreiber, A., The Impact of Habitat Fragmentation and Social Structure on the Population Genetics of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in Central Europe, Heredity, 2001, vol. 86, pp. 703–715.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lerenzini, R., Burrini, L., and Della Stella, R.M., Biochemical Genetic Differentiation in Some Roe Deer Population of Tuscany Central Italy, Ital. J. Zool., 1997, vol. 64, pp. 239–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Von Miller, C. and Hartl, G.B., Genetische Variation bei Gemsen der Alpen (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra L.), Z. Jagwissenschaft, 1987, vol. 33, pp. 220–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Randi, E., Fusco, G., Lorenzini, R., et al., Allozyme Divergence and Phylogenetic Relationships among Capra, Ovis and Rupicapra (Artyodactyla, Bovidae), Heredity, 1991, vol. 87, pp. 281–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Shengxia Lu, Hong Chang, Lei Du, et al., Phylogenetic Relationships of Sheep Populations from Costal Areas in East Asia, Biochem. Genet., 2005, vol. 43, nos. 5–6, pp. 251–260.

    Google Scholar 

  36. de Oliveira, E.J.F., Garcia, J.E., Contel, E.P.B., and Duarte, J.M.B., Genetic Structure of Blastocerus dichotomus Populations in the Parana River Basin (Brazil) Based on Protein Variability, Biochem. Genet., 2005, vol. 43, nos. 5–6, pp. 211–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Red, K.H., Genetic Variability in Norwegian Semi-Domestic Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.), Hereditas, 1985, vol. 102, pp. 177–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Red, K.H., Genetic Differences at the Transferrin Locus in Norwegian Semi-Domestic and Wild Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.), Hereditas, 1985, vol. 102, pp. 199–206.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Hartl, G.B., Lang, G., Klein, F., and Willing, R., Relationships between Allozymes, Heterozygosity and Morphological Characters in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), and the Influence of Selective Hunting on Allele Frequency Distributions, Heredity, 1991, vol. 66, pp. 343–350.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Zheng-Chao Tu, Ya-Ping Zhang, and Huai Qiu, Genetic Diversity and Divergence in Chinese Yak (Bos grunniens) Populations Inferred from Blood Protein Electrophoresis, Biochem. Genet., 1997, vol. 35, nos. 1–2, pp. 13–16.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Blacket, M.J., Cooper, S.J.B., Krajewski, C., and Westerman, M., Systematics and Evolution of the Dasyurid Marsupial Genus Sminthopsis. II. The Macrura Species Group, J. Mammalian Evol., 2006, vol. 13, pp. 125–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Hope, R.M., Bennett, J.H., and Chesson, C.M., Genetic Variation in Natural and Laboratory Populations of the Marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata, Biochem. Genet., 1986, vol. 24, nos. 7–8, pp. 597–613.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Nikitin, S.V., Knyazev, S.P., Nikolaev, A.G., et al., Diversity of Wild and Domestic Pig Populations Estimated by a Set of Serum Allotypes, Russ. J. Genet., 2006, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 317–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. McDevitt, A.D., Edwards, C.J., O’Toole, P., et al., Genetic Structure of, and Hybridization between, Red (Cervus elaphus) and Sika (Cervus nippon) Deer in Ireland, Mammalian Biol., 2009, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 263–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Avise, J.C., Patton, J.C., and Aquadro, C.F., Evolutionary Genetics of Birds. I. Relationships among North American Thrushes and Allies, Auk, 1980, vol. 97, pp. 135–147.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia

    K. A. Truveller & K. I. Chernyshov

Authors
  1. K. A. Truveller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. I. Chernyshov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. I. Chernyshov.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © K.A. Truveller, K.I. Chernyshov, 2010, published in Genetika, 2010, Vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 1115–1122.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Truveller, K.A., Chernyshov, K.I. Variation of allele composition and protein locus expression in the course of genetic differentiation of taxa of different ranks in the mammals. Russ J Genet 46, 994–1000 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795410080120

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795410080120

Keywords

Search

Navigation