Abstract
The exon-intron organization of genes of all human chromosomes was studied in relation to the density of gene distribution on DNA strands and on the number of introns in genes. The lengths of exons, introns and genes have been found to vary correlatively, and this correlation depends on the density of genes in human chromosomes. It has been established that genes with the exon-intron organization have similar tendencies of variation of the lengths of exons and introns with an increase in the number of introns.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Venter, J.C., Adams, M.D., Myers, E.W., et al., The Sequence of the Human Genome, Science, 2001, vol. 291, pp. 1304–1351.
Mironov, A.A. and Gelfand, M.S., Prediction and Computer Analysis of the Exon-Intron Structure of Human Genes, Mol. Biol. (Moscow), 2004, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 82–91.
Smith, A.D., Sumazin, P., Xuan, Z., and Zhang, M.Q., DNA Motifs in Human and Mouse Proximal Promoters Predict Tissue-Specific Expression, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, vol. 103, pp. 6275–6280.
Rigoutsos, I., Huynh, T., Miranda, K., et al., Short Blocks from the Noncoding Parts of the Human Genome Have Instances within Nearly All Known Genes and Relate to Biological Processes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, vol. 103, pp. 6605–6610.
Louie, E., Ott, J., and Majewski, J., Nucleotide Frequency Variation across Human Genes, Genome Res., 2003, vol. 13, pp. 2594–2601.
Minovitsky, S., Gee, S.L., Schokrpur, S., Dubchak, I., and Conboy, J.G., The Splicing Regulatory Element, UGCAUG, Is Phylogenetically and Spatially Conserved in Introns That Flank Tissue-Specific Alternative Exons, Nucleic Acids Res., 2005, vol. 33, pp. 714–724.
Thanaraj, T.A., Stamm, S., Clark, F., et al., ASD: The Alternative Splicing Database, Nucleic Acids Res., 2004, vol. 32, pp. D64–D69.
Kim, E. and Ast, G., Different Levels of Alternative Splicing among Eukaryotes, Nucleic Acids Res., 2007, vol. 35, pp. 125–131.
Lopez-Bigas, N., Audit, B., Ouzounis, C., Parra, G., and Guigo, R., Are Splicing Mutations the Most Frequent Cause of Heredity Disease?, FEBS Lett., 2005, vol. 579, pp. 1900–1903.
Brudno, M., Gelfand, M.S., Spengler, S., et al., Computational Analysis of Candidate Intron Regulatory Elements for Tissue-Specific Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing, Nucleic Acids Res., 2001, vol. 29, pp. 2338–2348.
Atambaeva, S.A. and Ivashchenko, A.T., The Length of Exons and Introns in Genes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Caenorhabditis elegans, Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure, Novosibirsk, 2006, pp. 35–38.
Ivashchenko, A., Atambaeva, Sh., and Khailenko, V., The Change of the Intron and Exon Lengths in Genes 1, 7, 8, and 10, of Rice Chromosomes Biotekhnol. Teoriya Praktika, 2006, no. 1, pp. 33–38.
Atambaeva, S.A., Ivashchenko, A.T., Khailenko, V.A., et al., Length of Exons and Introns in Genes of Some Human Chromosomes, Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure, Novosibirsk, 2006, pp. 31–34.
Blinov, V.M., Denisov, S.I., Saraev, D.V., et al., Structural Organization of the Human Genome: Distribution of Nucleotides, Alu Repeats and Exons in Chromosomes 21 and 22, Mol. Biol. (Moscow), 2001, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1032–1038.
Khitrinskaya, I.Yu., Stepanov, V.A., and Puzyrev, V.P., Alu Repeats in Human Genome, Mol. Biol. (Moscow), 2003, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 382–391.
Chen, C., Gentles, A.J., Jurka, J., and Karlin, S., Genes, Pseudogenes, and Alu Sequence Organization across Human Chromosomes 21 and 22, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, vol. 99, pp. 2930–2935.
Semon, M., Mouchiroud, D., and Duret, L., Relationship between Gene Expression and GC-Content in Mammals: Statistical Significance and Biological Relevance, Hum. Mol. Genet., 2005, vol. 14, pp. 421–427.
Carmel, L., Wolf, Y.I., Rogozin, I.B., and Koonin, E.V., The Distinct Modes of Intron Dynamics in the Evolution Eukaryotes, Genome Res., 2007, vol. 17, pp. 1043–1044.
Carmel, L., Rogozin, I.B., Wolf, Y.I., and Koonin, E.V., Evolutionarily Conserved Genes Preferentially Accumulate Introns, Genome Res., 2007, vol. 17, pp. 1045–1050.
Rogozin, I.B., Babenko, V.N., Wolf, Y.I., and Koonin, E.V., Analysis of Evolution of Exon-Intron Structure of Eukaryotic Genes, Brief. Bioninform., 2005, vol. 6, pp. 118–134.
Coulombe-Huntington, J. and Majewski, J., Characterization of Intron Loss Events in Mammals, Genome Res., 2007, vol. 17, pp. 23–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.T. Ivashchenko, V.A. Khailenko, Sh.A. Atambaeva, 2009, published in Genetika, 2009, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 22–29.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ivashchenko, A.T., Khailenko, V.A. & Atambaeva, S.A. Variations of the length of exons and introns in human genome genes. Russ J Genet 45, 16–22 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795409010025
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795409010025