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Cardiac Glycosides: Distribution, Properties and Specificity of Formation in Plant Cell and Organ Cultures In Vitro

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Abstract

Secondary metabolism (the formation of substances of specialized metabolism) is one of the distinctive specificities of the plant organism. Data on complete sequences of plant genomes indicate that from 15 to 25% of all genes are involved in this process (the biosynthesis of enzymes, transporters and transfactors serving it), while many aspects of secondary metabolism, including its physiological functions, are still unclear. The use of plant cell and organ cultures is a promising approach to solving fundamental and applied problems in specialized metabolism. The mechanisms of formation of secondary metabolites in plant systems in vitro with different levels of cell differentiation can differ significantly from those in an intact plant, which, when comparing these biological systems, can be effectively used to study the principles of regulation, organization and functioning of secondary metabolism. To date, more than 100 000 compounds of specialized metabolism (alkaloids, isoprenoids, phenolic compounds and a number of “minor” groups of secondary metabolites) are known, which, as a rule, are biologically active substances. This fact determines their practical significance and wide application in medicine: today, about a third of all medicinal substances are of plant origin. An acute shortage of medicinal plant materials makes the use of plant cell and organ cultures a very promising source of biologically active substances. Cardiac glycosides are one of the most important groups of secondary metabolites, which have been used in medicine for the treatment of cardiac diseases for more than two centuries. Interest in them is now growing significantly due to the discovery of new properties, including antiviral and antitumor activity. The review analyzes the main results of works devoted to the study of the formation of cardiac glycosides in plant cell and organ cultures producing these compounds.

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Funding

The work was supported financially by a Megagrant of the Government of the Russian Federation (agreement no. 075-15-2019-1882).

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  1. Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China

    S. V. Tomilova & A. V. Kitashov

  2. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    S. V. Tomilova & A. M. Nosov

  3. Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Kitashov & A. M. Nosov

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  1. S. V. Tomilova
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Tomilova, S.V., Kitashov, A.V. & Nosov, A.M. Cardiac Glycosides: Distribution, Properties and Specificity of Formation in Plant Cell and Organ Cultures In Vitro. Russ J Plant Physiol 69, 41 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443722030165

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