Abstract
The current century has seen the discovery of a new trend in science, infectious symbiology, which studies ambiguous interactions between microbes and humans (from peaceful contacts to direct antagonism). What underlies these interrelations? What do such different outcomes depend on? These are important questions for Homo sapiens because, only after having deciphered the mechanisms of these outcomes (from health to disease), will we become able to control them. Here one naturally recalls I.P. Pavlov, who held that “explanation is not the goal of science. The goal of science is power.” However, to rule this world, humans need knowledge. Although the problems of infectious pathology remain the same, we should take a fresh look at them and use this knowledge to preserve our own health. The material proposed here is a new look at old problems and at the opening prospects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Lederberg, “Infectious history,” Science 288 (5464), 287 (2000).
L. V. Hooper, T. Midtvedt, and J. I. Gordon, “How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine,” Ann. Rev. Nutr. 22, 283 (2011).
H. A. de Bary, Microbiological Therapy (Arnebiya, Moscow, 2003).
O. V. Bukharin, E. S. Lobakova, N. V. Nemtseva, and S. V. Cherkasov, Associative Symbiosis (Izd. UrO RAN, Yekaterinburg, 2007).
O. V. Bukharin, “Infection–modeling system of associative symbiosis,” Zh. Mikrobiol., Epidemiol., Immunobiol., No. 1, 83 (2009).
A. K. Benson, S. A. Kell, R. Legge, et al., “Individuality in gut microbiota composition is a complex polygenic trait shaped by multiple environmental and host genetic factors,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107, 18933 (2010).
W. R. Wikoff, A. T. Anfora, J. Liu, et al., “Metabolimics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian flood metabolites,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 3698 (2009).
L. Margulis, Symbiosis in Cell Evolution: Life and Its Environment on the Early Earth (Freeman, San Francisco, 1981).
M. Arumugam, J. Raes, E. Pelletier, et al., “Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome,” Nature 473, 174 (2011).
J. Qin, R. Li, J. Raes, et al., “A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequences,” Nature 464, 59 (2010).
I. Cho and M. J. Blaser, “The human microbiome: At the interface of health and disease,” Nat. Rev. Genet. 13 (14), 260 (2012).
K. E. Nelson, Metagenomics of the Human Body (Springer, New York, 2011).
J. M. Wong, R. de Souza, C. W. Kendall, et al., “Colonic health: Fermentation and short chain fatty acids,” J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 40, 235 (2006).
O. V. Bukharin, N. B. Perunova, and E. V. Ivanova, Bifidoflola in Human Associative Symbiosis (Izd. UrO RAN, Yekaterinburg, 2014) [in Russian].
O. V. Bukharin and N. B. Perunova, “Symbiotic relations of humans and microorganisms,” Human Physiol. 38 (1), 108 (2012).
O. V. Bukharin, E. V. Ivanova, N. B. Perunova, and I. N. Chainikova, “The role of bifidobacteria in the formation of human immune homeostasis,” Zh. Microbiol., Epidemiol., Immunobiol., No. 6, 98 (2015).
B. N. Kokryakov, Essays on Inborn Immunity (Nauka, St. Petersburg, 2006) [in Russian].
O. V. Bukharin and N. B. Perunova, Microsymbiocenosis (Izd. UrO RAN, Yekaterinburg, 2014) [in Russian].
N. B. Perunova, Bioregulation of microsymbionts in the human gut microsymbiocenosis, Extended Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation in Medical Science (Orenburg, 2011).
O. E. Chelpachenko, The pathogenetic importance of intestinal microbiocenosis in children with the conjunctive tissue dysplasia syndrome and possible ways of correcting it, Extended Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation in Medical Science (Orenburg, 2003).
E. A. Kremleva, O. D. Konstantinova, and S. V. Cherkasov, “Microecological condition of the vaginal biotope in patients opposite to fertility in the ECO program,” Med. Al’manakh, No. 4, 95 (2010).
S. V. Shirshov, Immune Control Mechanisms for Reproduction Processes (Izd. UrO RAN, Yekaterinburg, 1999) [in Russian].
O. V. Bukharin, N. B. Perunova, O. E. Chelpachenko, et al., “The role of intermicrobial interactions Candida spp. under the pathology of the locomotor apparatus in children,” Probl. Med. Mikologii, No. 3, 14 (2013).
N. S. Karpunina, B. A. Bakhmet’ev, and M. V. Zaikina, “Signs of microbial sensibilization in patients with various cardiovascular diseases,” Zh. Microbiol., Epidemiol., Immunobiol., No. 1, 75 (2015).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © O.V. Bukharin, 2016, published in Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, 2016, Vol. 86, No. 10, pp. 915–920.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bukharin, O.V. Infectious symbiology: A new understanding of old problems. Her. Russ. Acad. Sci. 86, 396–401 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331616040018
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331616040018