Abstract
A range of modified MAZ and LTL zeolites have been prepared and ion-exchanged with a series of alkali metal cations. It has been shown that K, Rb and Cs can be readily introduced into the MAZ structure with ~2 cations ion-exchanged per unit cell. In contrast, less than one cation of Li or Na per unit cell has been introduced under similar conditions. Ion-exchanged zeolites have been characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and N2 physisorption in order to gain a better understanding of their structural and acidic properties. The FTIR data indicate considerable heterogeneity of the bridging OH groups in mazzite. The concentration of both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites detected in MAZ using pyridine as a probe molecule is lower than expected from its chemical composition, with the relative accessibility of the bridging OH-groups varying from 16% for H-MAZ to 28% for K-exchanged samples. This is in agreement with the N2 adsorption-desorption data showing a rather low micropore volume for the ion-exchanged materials and with the NH3-TPD results implying considerable transport limitations. This work demonstrates that the channel structure of mazzite is partially blocked resulting in a decreased micropore volume and limited access to the acid sites.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Flanigen, E., Kellberg, E.R., US Patent 4241036, 1980.
Ciric, J., US Patent 3923639, 1975.
Galli, E., Cryst. Struct. Comm., 1974, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 339–344.
Galli, E., Passaglia, E., and Pongiluppi, D., Contr. Mineral. Petrol., 1974, vol. 45, pp. 99–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371162
Rinaldi, R., Pluth, J.J., and Smith, J.V, Acta Cryst. B, 1975, vol. 31, pp. 1603–1608. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740875005778
McCusker, L.B., Olson, D.H., Baerlocher, C., Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.
Ernst, S., Weitkamp, J., Catal. Today, 1994, vol. 19, pp. 27–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(94)85003-8
Gackowski, M., Kuterasiński, Ł., Podobiński, J., Korzeniowska, A., Sulikowski, B., Datka, J., Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 2019, vol. 578, pp. 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2019.03.016
Goossens, A., Feijen, E., Verhoeven, G., Wouters, B., Grobet, P., Pierre, J., and Martens, J., Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 2000, vol. 35(6), pp. 555–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-1811(99)00250-4
Vaughan, D.E.W., Catalysis and Adsorption by Zeolites, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Ohlmann, G., Pfeifer, H., and Fricke, R., Eds., Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991, vol. 65, p. 275.
Guisnet, M., Ayrault, P., Coutanceau, C., Alvarez, M., and Datka, J., J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1997, vol. 93, pp. 1661–1665. https://doi.org/10.1039/A607609B
McQueen, D., Chiche, B., Fajula, F., Auroux, A., Guimon, C., Fitoussi, F., and Schulz, P., J. Catal., 1996, vol. 161, pp. 587–596. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1996.0221
Shigeishi, R., Chiche, B., and Fajula, F., Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 2001, vol. 43, pp. 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-1811(00)00365-6
McCusker, L.B., Baerlocher, C., Wilson, S.T., and Broach, R.W., J. Phys. Chem. C., 2009, vol. 113(22), pp. 9838–9844. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9029248
Momma, K. and Izumi, F., J. Appl. Crystallogr., 2011, vol. 44, pp. 1272–1276. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889811038970
Momma, K. and Izumi, F., J. Appl. Cryst., 2008, vol. 41, pp. 653–658. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889808012016
Lutterotti, L., Acta Crystal. Section A, 2000, A56, S54. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108767300021954
Lutterotti, L., Matthies, S., and Wenk, H., Proceeding of the Twelfth International Conference on Textures of Materials (ICOTOM-12), 1999, vol. 1, p. 1599. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/57067
Zholobenko, V., Freitas, C., Jendrlin, M., Travert, A., Bazin, P., and Thibault-Starzyk, F., J. Catal., 2020, vol. 385, pp. 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.03.003
Windeck, H., Berger, F., and Sauer, J., Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 2023, vol. 62, art. e202303204. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202303204
Sherry, H.S., J. Phys. Chem., 1966, vol. 70(4), pp. 1158–1168. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100876a031
Wieser, J., Knorpp, A.J., Stoian, D.C., Rzepka, P., Newton, M.A., and van Bokhoven, J.A., Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 2023, vol. 62, art. e202305140. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202305140
Knorpp, A.J., Pinar, A.B., Baerlocher, C., Mccusker, L.B., Casati, N., Newton, M.A., Checchia, S., Meyet, J., Palagin, D., and Van Bokhoven, J.A., Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 2021, vol. 60, pp. 5854–5858. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202014030
Mintova, S. and Barrier, N., Verified Synthesis of Zeolitic Materials, Third Revised Edition, IZA Synthesis Commission, 2016, pp. 215–221.
Al-Ani, A., Freitas, C., and Zholobenko, V., Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 2020, vol. 293, pp. 109805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.109805
Prasomsri, T., Jiao, W., Weng, S., and García-Martínez, J., Chem. Commun., 2015, vol. 51, pp. 8900–8911. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC10391B
Funding
A.A-A thanks the Ministry of Oil, Oil Marketing Company (SOMO, Baghdad, Iraq) for the funding provided under the grant SL-144-04B. A.C. and M.J. express their gratitude to the Keele postgraduate fund for financing the attendance fee at the ICDD X-ray diffraction workshop, which supported this research. The authors acknowledge MSc students Michael Moore and Byron Ross for their contributions. The authors also gratefully acknowledge our colleagues at Keele University for their helpful feedback, and Johnson Matthey PLC for the provision of a mazzite sample. M.J. thanks the Royal Society (grant IES/R3/203138), and the Newton Fund for part-funding his Ph.D. project. VZ thanks the Russian Science Foundation for the financial support (grant № 23-73-0005, https://rscf.ru/project/23-73-00005/).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
The authors declare no conflict of interest requiring disclosure in this article.
Additional information
Publisher's Note. Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Contini, A., Jendrlin, M., Al-Ani, A. et al. Structural and Acidic Properties of Ion-Exchanged Mazzite. Pet. Chem. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965544123110099
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965544123110099