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Introduction to Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

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Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Catalysts

Abstract

In this era of incessant development and progress in the production of diverse class of chemical compounds, heterogeneous catalysis has become an integral part of the expeditious and efficient synthesis in view of the non-reusability of the homogenous catalysts. The quality and efficiency of the heterogeneous catalysts is essentially determined by their stability and availability of their well-defined active sites. In this regard, synthetically created metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered immense interest in the past decade, bringing favorable characteristics for their application as heterogeneous catalysts over other materials, such as zeolites. They comprise special organometallic coordination polymers having a cationic center and linkage with organic ligands giving rise to a stable crystalline porous cage-like structure. Because of their flexibility in redefining surface area, crystallinity, tunability, rich topology, porosity, and dispersity of active sites, they find numerous applications, catalysis being the more promising one. In this chapter, the basics of MOFs are introduced, their synthesis methods, typical characteristics along with limelight of their promising appliances as catalysts. Further, the salient advantages of MOFs over homogenous counterparts and conventional heterogeneous catalysts has been deliberated with limitations, and their future prospects in the field of catalysis.

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Abbreviations

MOF:

Metal-Organic Frameworks

BASF:

Baden Aniline and Soda Factory

NPs:

Nanoparticles

SBU:

Secondary Building Unit

HKUST:

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-series MOFs

BTC:

1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylate

MIL-series:

Matériaux de l′Institut Lavoisier-series

NG:

Neat Grinding

LAG:

Liquid-assisted grinding

ILAG:

Ion-and-liquid assisted grinding

INA:

1,5-Bis(n-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-leucinyl)carbohydrazide

PSM:

Post-synthetic modifications

PSE:

Post-synthetic exchange

PSD:

Post-synthetic deprotection

UiO:

Universitetet i Oslo-series MOFs

CAU-1:

[Al4(OH)2(OCH3)4(H2N-BDC)3]·xH2O MOF

SALI:

Solvent-Assisted Ligand Incorporation

ZIFs:

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

MCM:

Mobil Composition of Matter

COC:

Cyclic organic carbonates

POMs:

Polyoxometalates

HER:

Hydrogen evolution reactions

ORR:

Oxygen reduction reactions

OER:

Oxygen evolution reactions

CO2RR:

Carbon dioxide reduction reactions

NU-1000:

Zirconium-based MOF

HMF:

Hydroxymethylfurfural

LMOF:

Luminescent Metal–Organic Frameworks

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  1. Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Rajender S. Varma

  2. Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110021, India

    Arikta Baul, Rachit Wadhwa & Shikha Gulati

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    Shikha Gulati

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Varma, R.S., Baul, A., Wadhwa, R., Gulati, S. (2022). Introduction to Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). In: Gulati, S. (eds) Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Catalysts. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7959-9_1

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