Abstract
A mathematical model of physical and chemical processes in a turbulent flow of mixtures of alkanes with the number of carbon atoms 0 < C < 9 in heated channels has been developed. The Navier-Stokes equations were used to describe the turbulent transfer, and a detailed kinetic mechanism served to describe the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. A detailed description of the developed model and the results of its verification based on experimental data is given. In the present paper, the model is used to numerically study the conjugate heat transfer in a plane heated channel of the cooling system of advanced ramjet aircraft engines on endothermic hydrocarbon fuels. A two-criterion optimization of the initial composition of endothermic hydrocarbon fuel was performed to obtain the maximum endothermic effect and energy content of the resulting hydrocarbon fuel mixture, further fed into the combustion chamber of the engine. The limitations in the optimization are the maximum permissible temperature of the heated channel walls (the condition of thermal resistance of the structure) and the maximum acceptable degree of decomposition of the hydrocarbon mixture, in excess of which the intensive formation of solid deposits begins on the washed channel walls.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R.S. Fry, A century of ramjet propulsion technology evolution, J. Propulsion and Power, 2004, Vol. 20, No. 1, P. 27–58.
E.T. Curran, Scramjet engines: the first forty years, J. Propulsion and Power, 2001, Vol. 17, No. 6, P. 1138–1148.
C. Segal, The Scramjet Engine: Processes and Characteristics, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
A.S. Roudakov, Y. Schickhman, V. Semenov, Ph. Novelli, and O. Fourt, Flight testing an axisymmetric scramjet: Russian recent advances, 44th Congress of the Int. Astronautical Federation, Oct. 16–22, 1993, Graz, Austria. IAF-93-S. 4.485.
S.D. Holland, W.C. Woods, and W.C. Engelund, Hyper-X research vehicle experimental aerodynamics test program overview, J. Spacecraft and Rockets, 2001, Vol. 38, No. 6, P. 828–835.
A.D. Gardner, K. Hannemann, A. Pauli, and J. Steelant, Ground testing of the HyShot supersonic combustion flight experiment in HEG, Shock Waves, Z. Jiang (Ed.), Springer, Berlin, 2005, P. 329–334.
H. Lander and A.C. Nixon, Endothermic fuels for hypersonic vehicles, J. Aircraft., 1971, Vol. 8, No. 4, P. 200–207.
T. Edwards, Cracking and deposition behavior of supercritical hydrocarbon aviation fuels, Combustion Sci. and Technology, 2006, Vol. 178, P. 307–334.
S. Vaccaro and L. Malangone, Catalytic combustion for supplying energy for endothermic reaction, J. Advanced Chemical Engng, 2014, Vol. 4, No. 2, P. 1–16.
W. Ning, P. Yu, and Z. Jin, Research status of active cooling of endothermic hydrocarbon fueled scramjet engine, Proc. Inst. Mech. Engineers, Part G: J. Aerospace Engng, 2012, Vol. 227, No. 11, P. 1780–1794.
J. Pike, The choice of propellants: a similarity analysis of scramjet second stages, Philosophical Transactions Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 1999, Vol. 357, No. 1759, P. 2357–2378.
M.J. Lewis, Significance of fuel selection for hypersonic vehicle range, J. Propulsion and Power, 2001, Vol. 17, No. 6, P. 1214–1221.
T.N. Shigabiyev, L.S. Yanovskiy, F.M. Galimov, and V.F. Ivanov, Endothermic fuels and working bodies of power plants (Endotermicheskiye topliva i rabochiye tela silovykh i energeticheskikh ustanovok), Kazan Sci. Center RAS, Kazan, 1996.
A.S. Myakochin and L.S. Yanovskiy, Sedimentation in fuel systems of energy plants and methods of its suppression (Obrazovaniye otlozheniy v toplivnykh sistemakh silovykh ustanovok i metody ikh podavleniya), MAI Publishing, Moscow, 2001.
V. Volokhov, P. Toktaliev, S. Martynenko, L. Yanovskiy, A. Volokhov, and D. Varlamov, Supercomputer simulation of physicochemical processes in solid fuel ramjet design components for hypersonic flying vehicle, Communications in Computer and Information Sci., 2016, Vol. 687, P. 236–248.
V.M. Volokhov, P.D. Toktaliev, and S.I. Martynenko, Numerical simulation of the conjugate heat transfer in the cooling system of the combustion chambers of the aviation ramjet on the endothermic fuels, ECCOMAS, 2016, Vol. 1, P. 979–991.
P.D. Toktaliev, V.I. Babkin, and S.I. Martynenko, Modeling of conjugate heat transfer in constructional elements of a cooling system of aviation engines operated on endothermic fuels, Teplovyye Protsessy v Tekhnike, 2015, No.4, p.162–166.
T.N. Mukhina, N.L. Barabanov, S.Ye. Babash, V.A. Men’shchikov, and G.L. Avrekh, Pyrolisys of Hydrocarbon Raw-Materials (Piroliz uglevodorodnogo syr’ya), Chemistry, Moscow, 1987.
I.S. Ertesvaga and B.F. Magnussen, The eddy dissipation turbulence energy cascade model, Combustion Sci. and Technology, 2000, Vol. 159, No. 1, P. 213–235.
D.A. Lysenko, I.S. Ertesvag, K.E. Rian, B. Lilleberg, and D. Christ, Numerical simulation of turbulent flames using the eddy dissipation concept with detailed chemistry, Computational Mechanics, B. Skallerud and H.I. Andersson (Eds.), Tapir Academic Press, Trondheim, 2013, P. 159–178.
H. G. Weller, G. Tabor, H. Jasak, and C. Fureby, A tensorial approach to computational continuum mechanics using object-oriented techniques, Computers in Physics, 1998, Vol. 12, No. 6. (http://www.openfoam.com)
D.G. Goodwin, H.K. Moffat, and R.L. Speth, Cantera: an object-oriented software toolkit for chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and transport processes, 2017, Version 2.3.0, (http://www.cantera.org).
C.K. Westbrook, W.J. Pitz, O. Herbineta, H.J. Currana, and E.J. Silke, A comprehensive detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism for combustion of n-alkane hydrocarbons from n-octane to n-hexadecane, Combustion and Flame, 2009, Vol. 156, P. 181–199.
Chemical-Kinetic Mechanisms for Combustion Applications, San Diego Mechanism web page, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (Combustion Research), Univ. California, San Diego (http://combustion.ucsd.edu).
S.P. Zeppieri, S.D. Klotz, and F.L. Drye, Modeling concepts for larger carbon number alkanes: a partially reduced skeletal mechanism for n-decane oxidation and pyrolysis, in: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2000, Vol. 28, P. 1587–1595.
T.A. Ward, J.S. Ervin, S. Zabarnick, and L. Shafer, Pressure effects on flowing mildly-cracked n-decane, J. Propulsion and Power, 2005, Vol. 21, No. 2, P. 344–355.
R.A. Yetter, F.L. Dryer, and H. Rabitz, Flow reactor studies of carbon monoxide/hydrogen/oxygen kinetics, Combustion Sci. and Technology, 1991, Vol. 79, P. 129–140.
S.L. Fischer, F.L. Dryer, and H.J. Curran, The reaction kinetics of dimethyl ether. I: High temperature pyrolysis and oxidation in flow reactors, Int. J. Chemical Kinetics, 2000, Vol. 32, No. 12, P. 713–740.
P.D. Toktaliev, S.I. Martynenko, L.S. Yanovskiy, V.M. Volokhov, and A.V. Volokhov, Features of model hydrocarbon fuel oxidation for channel flow in the presence of electrostatic field, Russian Chemical Bulletin, 2016, Vol. 65, Iss. 8, P. 2011–2017.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Agreement No. 15-11-30012 dated 08.07.2015 on the topic: “Supercomputer modeling of physical and chemical processes in the high-speed direct-flow propulsion jet engine of hypersonic aircraft on solid fuels”).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Toktaliev, P.D., Galitskiy, I.O., Martynenko, S.I. et al. On the numerical simulation of thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon mixtures in channels of cooling systems of high-speed vehicles. Optimization of the fuel composition. Thermophys. Aeromech. 26, 89–101 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869864319010098
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869864319010098