Abstract
We consider two different subjects: the \(q\)-deformed universal characters \(\widetilde S_{[\lambda,\mu]}(t,\hat t;x,\hat x)\) and the \(q\)-deformed universal character hierarchy. The former are an extension of \(q\)-deformed Schur polynomials, and the latter can be regarded as a generalization of the \(q\)-deformed KP hierarchy. We investigate solutions of the \(q\)-deformed universal character hierarchy and find that the solution can be expressed by the boson–fermion correspondence. We also study a two-component integrable system of \(q\)-difference equations satisfied by the two-component universal character.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. Date, M. Kashiwara, M. Jimbo, and T. Miwa, “Transformation groups for soliton equations,” in: Non-linear Integrable Systems – Classical Theory and Quantum Theory (Kyoto, Japan, 13–16 May, 1981, M. Jimbo and T. Miwa, eds.), World Sci., Singapore (1983), pp. 39–119.
I. Schur, “Über Darstellung der symmetrischen und der alternieren Gruppen durch gebrochenen linearen Substitutionen,” J. Reine Angew. Math., 139, 155–250 (1911).
I. G. Macdonald, Symmetric Functions and Hall Polynomials, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1979).
K. Koike, “On the decomposition of tensor products of the representations of classical groups: by means of universal characters,” Adv. Math., 74, 57–86 (1989).
T. Tsuda, “Universal characters and an extension of the KP hierarchy,” Commun. Math. Phys., 248, 501–526 (2004).
T. Tsuda, “Universal characters, integrable chains and the Painlevé equations,” Adv. Math., 197, 587–606 (2005).
T. Tsuda, “Universal character and \(q\)-difference Painlevé equations,” Math. Ann., 345, 395–415 (2009).
T. Tsuda, “On an integrable system of \(q\)-difference equations satisfied by the universal characters: its Lax formalism and an application to \(q\)-Painlevé equations,” Commun. Math. Phys., 293, 347–359 (2010); arXiv:0901.3900.
T. Tsuda, “From KP/UC hierarchies to Painlevé equations,” Internat. J. Math., 23, 1250010, 59 pp. (2012); arXiv:1004.1347.
D.-H. Zhang, “Quantum deformation of KdV hierarchies and their infinitely many conservation laws,” J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 26, 2389–2407 (1993).
L. Haine and P. Iliev, “The bispectral property of a \(q\)-deformation of the Schur polynomials and the \(q\)-KdV hierarchy,” J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 30, 7217–7227 (1997); arXiv:hep-th/9503217.
P. Iliev, “Tau function solution to \(q\)-deformation of the KP hierarchy,” Lett. Math. Phys., 44, 187–200 (1998).
J.-S. He, Y.-H. Li, and Y. Cheng, “\(q\)-Deformed Gelfand–Dickey hierarchy and the determinant representation of its gauge transformation,” Chinese Ann. Math. Ser. A, 3, 373–382 (2004).
J. He, Y. Li, and Y. Cheng, “\(q\)-Deformed KP hierarchy and \(q\)-deformed constrained KP hierarchy,” SIGMA, 2, 060, 32 pp. (2006).
Y. Ogawa, “Generalized \(Q\)-functions and UC hierarchy of B-Type,” Tokyo J. Math., 32, 349–380 (2009).
E. Date, M. Jimbo, M. Kashiwara, and T. Miwa, “Transformation groups for soliton equations. IV. A new hierarchy of soliton equations of KP-type,” Phys. D, 4, 343–365 (1982).
M. Jimbo and T. Miwa, “Solitons and infinite dimensional Lie algebras,” Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci., 19, 943–1001 (1983).
T. Miwa, M. Jimbo, and E. Date, Solitons. Differential Equations, Symmetries and Infinite Dimensional Algebras (Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, Vol. 135), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2000).
C. Li, “Strongly coupled B-type universal characters and hierarchies,” Theoret. and Math. Phys., 201, 1732–1741 (2019).
N. Wang and C. Li, “Universal character, phase model and topological strings on \(\mathbb{C}^3\),” Eur. Phys. J. C, 79, 953, 9 pp. (2019).
C. Li and B. Shou, “Quantum Gaudin model, spin chains, and universal character,” J. Math. Phys., 61, 103509, 12 pp. (2020).
C. Li, “Finite-dimensional tau functions of the universal character hierarchy,” Theoret. and Math. Phys., 206, 321–334 (2021).
Funding
Chuanzhong Li is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12071237 and K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, 2021, Vol. 208, pp. 51-68 https://doi.org/10.4213/tmf10028.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, Y., Li, C. \(q\)-Universal characters and an extension of the lattice \(q\)-universal characters. Theor Math Phys 208, 896–911 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040577921070047
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040577921070047