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Asselian and Sakmarian (Lower Permian) Radiolarian Ecozones of the South Urals (Russia)

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Abstract

A study of Lower Permian radiolarians from the Kondurovka and Verkhneozernoe sections, located on the right bank of the Sakmara and Ural rivers on the western slope of the South Urals, was carried out. Analysis of the distribution of 104 species of radiolarians in the study area made it possible to establish three successive ecozones in the Kondurovka section: (1) Asselian Tetragregnon sphaericus-Latentifistula heteroextrema corresponding to the Streptognathodus postfusus–St. barskovi conodont zone, (2) Sakmarian Arcoclathrata alekseevi–Apophysisphaera sakmaraensis, and (3) Sakmarian Holdsworthella perforata–Helioentactinia ikka corresponding to the Sweetognathus merrilli and Sweetognathus binodosus conodont zones, respectively. The Kozurispongus permicus ecozone was recognized in the Verkhneozernoe section where it corresponds to the Sweetognathus binodosus conodont zone. The taxonomic position of 30 species from 12 genera identified by Kozur (1980, 1981) and Kozur and Mostler (1989) has been revised, which currently belong to 19 genera from four classes of radiolarians. The distribution patterns of Lower Permian radiolarians in the Kondurovka and Verkhneozernoe sections of the South Urals are analyzed. Special attention is paid to indigenous and migrant species.

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Notes

  1. “Sphaeroidea with an irregularly reticulate or spongy framework, a medullary shell, and three primary radial spines. Smaller secondary spines occasionally present” (Hinde, 1890, p. 54).

  2. B.B. Nazarov and A.R. Ormiston (Nazarov and Ormiston, 1985) considered the species Holdsworthella permica Kozur, 1981 and Holdsworthella perforata Kozur, 1981 as part of the genus Haplodiacanthus Nazarov et Rudenko, 1981: H. permicus (Kozur, 1981) and H. perforatus (Kozur, 1981). Later B.B. Nazarov (1988) and P. De Wever with colleagues (De Wever et al., 2001) simply ignored the genus Holdsworthella Kozur, 1981 and did not mention it in their books. In present, the validity of the genus Holdsworthella Kozur, 1981 has been restored (Fig. 3) (Afanasieva, 2020).

  3. When analyzing the literature data, only the illustrated radiolarian species were considered, while lists of taxa with no illustrations were not taken into account.

  4. The description of the Kondurovka Section can be found in the Guide to Geological Excursions of the International Congress “Permian System of the Earth” (Chuvashov et al., 1991; 1993).

  5. Hereinafter, the species indicated in the open nomenclature with a numerical designation will be described in special works on new lower Permian radiolarian taxa.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author is grateful to A.S. Alekseev and V.S. Vishnev-skaya for valuable advice and constructive comments; Ya.M. Kuzmina and M.A. Knorre for help in preparing the manuscript for publication; and to S.V. Nikolaeva for valuable advice and translating it into English.

Funding

The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and with the support of the Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Evolution of the organic world. The role and influence of planetary processes”.

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    M. S. Afanasieva

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Afanasieva, M.S. Asselian and Sakmarian (Lower Permian) Radiolarian Ecozones of the South Urals (Russia). Paleontol. J. 55, 825–862 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030121080025

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