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Innate mechanisms of viral recognition

  • Innate Immunity. Virus Evasion Strategies
  • Published:
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Abstract

Viruses are obligate parasites which can infect cells of all living organisms. Multiple antiviral defense mechanisms appeared early in the evolution of the immune system. Higher vertebrates possess the most complex antiviral immunity based on both innate and adoptive immune responses. However, a majority of living organisms, including plants and invertebrates, rely exclusively on innate immune mechanisms for protection against viral infections. There are some striking similarities in several components of innate immune recognition in mammals, plants, and insects suggesting that these signaling cascades are highly conserved in the evolution of the immune system. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of innate immune recognition of viruses, with a focus on pattern-recognition receptors.

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Abbreviations

IL:

interleukin

PRR:

pathogen recognition receptor

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TIR:

domain-domain common for Toll and interleukin-1 receptors

NB:

nucleotide binding domain

LRR:

leucine rich repeat

RLR:

RIG-1-like receptor

PAMP:

pathogen-associated molecular pattern

CARD:

caspase activation and recruitment domain

MAVS:

mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein

TBK:

1-TANK-binding kinase1

NLR:

NOD-like receptor

TRIF:

TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β

ASC:

apoptotic speck-containing protein with a CARD

MICB:

MHC class I-polypeptide related sequence B

CMV:

cytomegalovirus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    M. S. Drutskaya & S. A. Nedospasov

  2. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    P. V. Belousov & S. A. Nedospasov

  3. Biological Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    P. V. Belousov & S. A. Nedospasov

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  1. M. S. Drutskaya
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  2. P. V. Belousov
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  3. S. A. Nedospasov
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Correspondence to M. S. Drutskaya.

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Original Russian Text © M.S. Drutskaya, P.V. Belousov, S.A. Nedospasov, 2011, published in Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, 2011, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 7–19.

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Drutskaya, M.S., Belousov, P.V. & Nedospasov, S.A. Innate mechanisms of viral recognition. Mol Biol 45, 5–15 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026893311010043

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