Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of low-molecular-weight i-type glutenin subunit genes from diploid wheat in relation to the gene family structure

  • Genomics. Transcriptomics. Proteomics
  • Published:
Molecular Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits are important for the aspects of wheat quality and dough processing, and the LMW-i type glutenin is one of the typical glutenins. However, a detailed description of the DNA structures and encoded polypeptides of the LMW-i type glutenin subunit gene family is still lacking. In this study, two LMW-i type glutenin subunit genes, i.e., LMW-Eb from T. boeoticum and LMW-Em from T. monococcum, were obtained from genomic DNA, respectively. The LMW-Eb is a novel gene and the LMW-Em has an identical sequence with a known gene. To comprehensively understand the LMW-i type glutenin subunit gene family structure, all known LMW-i type glutenin subunit genes were comparatively analyzed. Detailed comparison of these genes revealed a high-level of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In these LMW glutenin subunits, the percentage of glutamine and proline were approximately 38.27 and 12.77%, respectively. They started directly from the repetitive domain with ISQQQ-after the signal sequences, in which the N-terminal regions were absent. In addition, there are three consensus repeat motifs (i.e., PPFSQQQQ-, PPISQQQQ-, and PPYSQQQQ) in the repetitive domains of these LMW glutenin subunits. The C-terminal I domain is the most conserved region, while the domains of C-terminal II and III are more variable. The eight cysteine residues are highly conserved. These genes could be clustered into two major groups, among which, one group could be further divided into 5 subgroups. Furthermore, to date, all known LMW-i type glutenin subunit genes are located on chromosome 1A, whereas no LMW-i type glutenin subunit gene is obtained from the B and D genomes in wheat.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ciaffi M., Lee Y.K., Tamas L., Gupta L. 1999. The low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit proteins of primitive wheats: 3. The genes from D-genome species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98, 135–148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. D’Ovidio R., Masci S. 2004. The low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of wheat gluten. J. Cereal Sci. 39, 321–329.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Shang H.Y., Wei Y. M., Long H., Yan Z.H., Zheng Y.L. 2005. Identification of LMW glutenin like genes from Secale sylvestre Host. Russ. J. Genet. 41, 1372–1380.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yue Y.W., Long H., Liu Q., Wei Y.M., Yan Z.H., Zheng Y.L. 2005. Isolation of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes from wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides). J. Appl. Genet. 46, 349–355.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Hou Y.C., Liu Q., Long H., Wei Y.M., Zheng Y.L. 2006. Characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes from Hordeum brevisubulatum ssp. turkestanicum. Biol. Bulletin. 1, 44–51.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Pitts E.G., Rafalski J.A., Hedgcoth C. 1988. Nucleotide sequence and encoded amino acid sequence of a genomic gene region for a low molecular weight glutenin. Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 11,376.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cassidy B.G., Dvorak J., Anderson O.D. 1998. The wheat low-molecular-weight glutenin genes: Characterization of six new genes and progress in understanding gene family structure. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96, 743–750.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cloutier S., Rampitsch C., Penner G.A., Lukow O.M. 2001. Cloning and expression of a LMW-i glutenin gene. J. Cereal Sci. 33, 143–154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Maruyama N., Ichise K.T., Kishimoto T., Kawase S., Matsumura Y., Takeuchi Y., Sawada T., Utsumi S. 1998. Identification of major wheat allelic genes by means of the Escherichia coli expression system. Eur. J. Biochem. 255, 739–745.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ikeda T.M., Nagamine T., Fukuoka H., Yano H. 2002. Identification of new low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104, 680–687.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Wicker T., Yahiaoui N., Guyot R., Schlagenhauf E., Liu Z.D., Dubcovsky J., Keller B. 2003. Rapid genome divergence at orthologous low molecular weight glutenin loci of the A and Am genomes of wheat. Plant Cell. 15, 1186–1197.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang W., Gianibelli M.C., Rampling L.R., Gale K.R. 2004. Characterisation and marker development for low molecular weight glutenin genes from Glu-A3 alleles of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 108, 1409–1419.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lee Y.K., Caiffi M., Gupta R., Appels R., Morell M.K. 1999. The low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit proteins of primitive wheats: 2. The genes from A-genome species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98, 126–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Devos K.M., Alkinson M.D., Chinoy C.N., Liu C.J., Gale M.D. 1992. RFLP-based genetic map of the homologous group 3 chromosomes of wheat and rye. Theor. Appl. Genet. 83, 931–937.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Colot V., Bartels D., Thompson C., Flavell R. 1989. Molecular characterization of an active wheat LMW glutenin gene and its relation to other wheat and barley prolamin genes. Mol. Gen. Genet. 216, 81–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G., Gibson T.J. 1994. Clustal W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4673–4680.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Nei N., Kumar S. 2000. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Singh N.K., Sheherd K.W. 1988. Linkage mapping of genes controlling endosperm storage proteins in wheat. Genes on the short arms of group-1 chromosomes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75, 628–641.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Long H., Wei Y.M., Yan Z.H., Baum B., Nevo E., Zheng Y.L. 2005. Classification of wheat low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes and its chromosome assignment by developing LMW-GS group-specific primers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111, 1251–1259.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Long H., Wei Y.M., Yan Z.H., Baum B., Nevo E., Zheng Y.L. 2006. Analysis and validation of genome-specific DNA variations in 5′ flanking conserved sequences of wheat low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes. Sci. China Ser. C Life Sci. 49, 322–331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Anderson D.D., Greene F.C. 1997. The a-gliadin gene family: 2. DNA and protein sequence variation, subfamily structure, and origins of pseudogenes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 95, 59–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Masic S., D’Ovidio R., Lafiandra D., Kasarda D.D. 1998. Characterization of a low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from bread wheat and the corresponding protein that represents a major subunit of the glutenin polymer. Plant Physiol. 118, 1147–1158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Anderson D.D., Hsia C.C., Torres V. 2001. The wheat γ-gliadin genes: Characterization of ten new sequences and further understanding of γ-gliadin gene family structure. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103, 323–330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sun M.M., Yan Y.M., Jiang Y., Xiao Y., Hu Y., Cai M., Li Y., Hsam S.L., Zeller F.J. 2004. Molecular cloning and comparative analysis of a y-type inactive HMW glutenin subunit gene from cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum L.). Hereditas. 141, 46–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Qi P.F., Wei Y.M., Yan Z.H., Zheng Y.L. 2006. Biochemical and molecular characterization of gliadins. Mol. Biol. 40, 713–723.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. D’Ovidio R., Marchitelli C., Ercoli Cardelli L., Porceddu E. 1999. Sequence similarity between allelic Glu-B3 genes related to quality properties of durum wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98, 455–461.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Müller S., Wieser H. 1997. The location of disulphide bonds in monomeric γ-type gliadins. J. Cereal Sci. 26, 169–176.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rafalski J.A. 1986. Structure of wheat gamma-gliadin genes. Gene. 43, 221–229.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kwok P.Y., Deng Q., Zakeri H., Taylor S.L., Nickerson D.A. 1996. Increasing the information content of STS-based genome maps: Identifying polymorphisms in mapped STSs. Genomics. 31, 123–126.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kruglyak L. 1997. The use of a genetic map of biallelic markers in linkage studies. Nature Genet. 17, 21–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sachidanandam R. et al. (The international SNP Map Working Group). 2001. A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1042 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nature. 409, 928–933.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Giroux M.J., Morris C.F. 1997. A glycine to serine change in pyroindoline b is associated with wheat grain hardness and low levels of starch-surface friabilin. Theor. Appl. Genet. 95, 857–864.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ellis M.H., Spielmeyer W., Gale K.R., Rebetzke G.J., Richards R.A. 2002. Perfect markers for the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes in wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 105, 1038–1042.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Gale K.R., Ma W., Zhang W., Ramplig L., Hill A.S., Appels R., Morris P., Morell M. 2001. Simple high-throughput DNA markers for genotyping in wheat. In: Proc. 10th Aust. Wheat Breed Assemby. Eds Eastwood R., Hollamby G., Rathgen A., Gororo N. Mildura, pp. 26–31.

  35. Zhang W., Gianibelli M.C., Ma W., Ramoling L., Gale K.R. 2003. Identification of SNPs and development of allele-specific PCR markers for γ-gliadin alleles in Triticum aestivum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107, 130–138.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Byran G., Stephenson P., Collins A., Kirby J., Smith J.B., Gale M.D. 1999. Low levels of DNA sequence variation among adapted genotypes of hexaploid wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 99, 192–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Huang S., Sirikhachornkit A., Su X., Faris J., Gill B., Haselkorn R., Gornicki P. 1979. Genes encoding plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase of Triticum-Aegilops complex and the evolutionary history of polyploid wheat. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 76, 5269–5273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Ozkan H., Levy A.A. 2001. Allopolyploidy-induced rapid genome evolution in the wheat (Aegilops-Triticum) group. Plant Cell. 13, 1735–1747.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Shaked H., Kashkush K., Ozkan H., Feldman M., Levy A.A. 2001. Sequence elimination and cytosine methylation are rapid and reproducible responses of the genome to wide hybridization and allopolyploidy in wheat. Plant Cell. 13, 1749–1759.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Dovrak J., McGuire P.E., Cassidy B. 1988. Apparent sources of the A genomes of wheats inferred from polymorphism in abundance and restriction fragment length of repeated nucleotide sequences. Genome. 30, 680–689.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kudryavtsev A.M., Metakovsky E.V., Sozinov A.A. 1988. Polymorphism and inheritance of gliadin components controlled by chromosome 6A of spring durum wheat. Biochem. Genetics. 26, 693–703.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Metakovsky E.V., Baboev S.K. 1992. Polymorphism of gliadin and unusual gliadin alleles in Triticum boeoticum. Genome. 35, 1007–1012.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Metakovsky E.V., Kudryavtsev A.M., Iakobashvili Z.A., Novoselskaya A.Y. 1989. Analysis of phylogenetic relations of durum, carthlicum, and common wheats by means of comparison alleles of gliadin-coding loci. Theor. Appl. Genet. 77, 881–887.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, 625014, China

    Z. -C. Ma, Y. -M. Wei, H. Long, Z. -H. Yan & Y. -L. Zheng

  2. Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, 625014, China

    Y. -M. Wei, Z. -H. Yan & Y. -L. Zheng

  3. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada

    B. Baum

Authors
  1. Z. -C. Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Y. -M. Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. Long
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Z. -H. Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. B. Baum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Y. -L. Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Published in Russian in Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, 2006, Vol. 40. No. 6, pp. 996–1005

The article was submitted by the authors in English.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ma, Z.C., Wei, Y.M., Long, H. et al. Characterization of low-molecular-weight i-type glutenin subunit genes from diploid wheat in relation to the gene family structure. Mol Biol 40, 897–906 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026893306060082

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026893306060082

Key words

Search

Navigation