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Morphofunctional Features of Two Types of Phagocytes in the Holothurian Еupentacta fraudatrix (Djakonov et Baranova, 1958)

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Abstract

Phagocytes of the Far Eastern holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix are separated by gradient centrifugation into two fractions (P1 and P2 phagocytes) having different functional markers. The aim of the work was to identify morphological features of P1 and P2 phagocytes, their basic oxidant/antioxidant status and phenotype. Various methods, including light and fluorescence microscopy, cytometric analysis, and flow imaging microscopy, revealed morphological differences between the two types of E. fraudatrix phagocytes. Phagocytes differ in their dimensional characteristics, granularity, nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, and cell circularity parameters. The obtained data support both the idea that P1 and P2 phagocytes represent different levels of differentiation and our previous findings on the different role of these cells in the immune response. Differential patterns of seasonal changes in the number of these cells also argue in favor of the concept of different functional roles of the two types of phagocytes. The largest changes in the number of P1 phagocytes were observed during the period of temperature-dependent metabolic alterations in E. fraudatrix, while those in P2 phagocytes occurred during the periods corresponding to tissue rearrangements. The study of the basic parameters of functional activity revealed no significant differences in levels of reactive oxygen species in both P1 and P2 phagocytes, while there was a tendency toward a higher level of reduced glutathione in P1 compared to P2 phagocytes, suggesting ​​a higher antioxidant activity in the former. Dexamethasone had a multidirectional effect on the level of binding of plant lectins derived from Canavalia ensiformis (con A) and Glycin max (SBA) by to surface receptors in two types of phagocytes, further supporting the assumption of different differentiation/activity levels and functional roles of these cells.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to N.A. Odintsova, D.Sci., and A.V. Brod, Ph.D. (A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok) for their help in analyzing the results of cytometric measurements, and S.P. Zakharkov, Ph.D. (V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok) for his assistance with imaging flow cytometry.

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This work was implemented under the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (no. 121021500052-9).

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  1. V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia

    L. S. Dolmatova

  2. G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, Russia

    T. P. Smolina

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Conceptualization, experimental design, data collection and analysis, writing and editing the manuscript (L.S.D.); data collection and analysis, editing the manuscript (T.P.S.).

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Correspondence to L. S. Dolmatova.

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Translated by A. Polyanovsky

Russian Text © The Author(s), 2022, published in Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii, 2022, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 269–283https://doi.org/10.31857/S0044452922040040.

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Dolmatova, L.S., Smolina, T.P. Morphofunctional Features of Two Types of Phagocytes in the Holothurian Еupentacta fraudatrix (Djakonov et Baranova, 1958). J Evol Biochem Phys 58, 955–970 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093022040020

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