The effects of radio-frequency electric and strain fields on the depinning and sliding of a charge density wave in the quasi-one-dimensional conductor TaS3 have been compared. The amplitude dependence of the threshold voltage Vt (zeroth Shapiro step) has been studied for both fields. The threshold voltage Vt decreases with increasing radio-frequency electric field Erf at increasing rate |dVt/dErf|, whereas with increasing strain field, the decrease in the threshold voltage Vt is saturated, approaching a constant value. This result indicates a qualitative difference between the mechanisms of influence of the electric and strain fields on the dynamics of the charge density wave and is explained by the modulation of the sliding velocity of the charge density wave and pinning potential in the former and latter cases, respectively. In practice, the result allows one to distinguish the mechanical impact on the dynamics of the charge density wave from the influence of electrical interference at the same frequency.
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Notes
Some difference between nonlinear currents in the region of the mechanical and electrical ShSs at the same frequency was attributed to the spatial inhomogeneity of the strain in the sample. This can lead to the synchronization of the sliding of the CDW only in a part of the sample.
Some nonmonotonicity was observed at large modulation amplitudes of the pinning force above 100%. The authors of [19] believe that such large amplitudes are unrealistic.
The experiment in [5] showed that the number of the minimum of the magnitude of any SS coincides with the number of periods of the CDW that it passes in the opposite direction in the half-period of the radio-frequency voltage.
This is seen from the frequency: the length of the suspended part of the fraction is 700 μm and the speed of sound is 4900 m/s [28]. The observation of resonances at the first, third, and fourth harmonics (3.5, 10.5, and 14 MHz, respectively), a decrease in the frequency with an increase in the tension of the sample, and some other details [28] also confirm our conclusions.
Small magnitudes of ShSs are also due to a relatively high frequency of 7 MHz of the impact on the CDW. The degree of synchronization at frequencies of 1 and 1.2 MHz reached 25%. However, the increase in the amplitude \(\delta \varepsilon \) significantly changes the form of the current–voltage characteristics near Vt, which complicates the unambiguous determination of \({{V}_{{\text{t}}}}(\delta \varepsilon )\) (see Figs. S2 and S5 in the Supplementary material). For this reason, we present data for a frequency of 7 MHz.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to S.V. Zaitsev-Zotov and I.G. Gorlova for valuable remarks and to B.A. Loginov for piezoelectric ceramic actuators placed at our disposal.
Funding
The electromechanical studies of TaS3 and the analysis of the results were carried out by M.V. Nikitin and were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 22-19-00783). Studies of the synchronization with radio-frequency electric fields were performed by V.Ya. Pokrovskii, D.A. Kai, and S.G. Zybtsev and were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (state assignment for the Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences).
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Nikitin, M.V., Pokrovskii, V.Y., Kai, D.A. et al. On the Fundamental Difference between the Effects of Electrical and Mechanical Vibrations on the Dynamics of a Charge Density Wave. Jetp Lett. 118, 861–866 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364023603342
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364023603342