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The Front-End Electronics for the Tracking System of the ALICE Muon Spectrometer

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Abstract—

A review of the two generations of front-end electronics for the muon spectrometer of the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is presented. The basic elements of the front-end electronics are application-specific integrated circuits that are used in 1.1 × 106 measuring channels and devices for communication with the data-acquisition system. The first generation of the electronics operates in the trigger mode and is characterized by an input throughput of 3 × 103 events/s at an output data rate of 3.2 Gbit/s. The second generation is designed to operate under conditions of a high luminosity of the collider at input count rates of up to 105 events/s. Signal processing is performed in the continuous readout mode. The communication devices with the data-acquisition system use application-specific chips that provide optical communication with a data transfer rate of 0.8 Tbit/s.

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Notes

  1. The abbreviations used in the paper are also presented in the Appendix.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 18-02-40093).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named after B.P. Konstantinov, Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, 188300, Gatchina, Leningrad oblast, Russia

    V. V. Ivanov, V. N. Nikulin, E. V. Roshchin, V. M. Samsonov & A. V. Khanzadeev

  2. National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (NRNU MEPhI), 115409, Moscow, Russia

    V. M. Samsonov

Authors
  1. V. V. Ivanov
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  2. V. N. Nikulin
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  3. E. V. Roshchin
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  4. V. M. Samsonov
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  5. A. V. Khanzadeev
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. V. Ivanov.

Additional information

Translated by N. Goryacheva

APPENDIX

APPENDIX

The List of Abbreviations

(ALICE) A Large Ion Collider Experiment, one of the experiments of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva);

(ADC) analog-to-digital converter;

(BC1–BC3) baseline corrector;

(BUJ, DDJ) bounded uncorrelated jitter and data dependent jitter, the non-noise components of the jitter of the signal in time;

(BGA) ball grid array, the SMD housing;

(CMOS) complementary metal−oxide semiconductor structure;

(CROCUS) concentrator readout cluster unit system, the crate of the data-acquisition and transmission system in the ALICE muon spectrometer;

(DAQ) data acquisition system;

(DS) dual Sampa, a 64-channel front-end electronics card with two integrated circuits;

(DSP) digital signal processor;

(DDL) digital data link;

(E-Link) electronic communication line;

(ENC) equivalent noise charge;

(ENOB) effective number of bits in an ADC;

(FEASTAMP) dc/dc converter for power systems of detector electronics under conditions of high magnetic and radiation fields;

(GEM) gas emission multiplier, a gaseous detector of ionizing radiation with a multilayer microstructure of internal amplification;

(IIR) filter with infinite input response;

(GASSIPLEX) 16-channel low-noise chip for gaseous detectors;

(GBTX) giga bit transfer, the gigabit optical communications system;

(GBT-A, GBT-X) application-specific integrated circuits for the GBTX system;

(LVDS, SLVS) low voltage differential signaling and scalable low voltage signaling;

(MANU) 64-channel front-end card for the detector electronics of track chambers;

(MANAS) Indian clone of the GASSIPLEX chip;

(PATCHBUS) data bus;

(SAMPA) 32-channel application-specific detector electronics chip.

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Ivanov, V.V., Nikulin, V.N., Roshchin, E.V. et al. The Front-End Electronics for the Tracking System of the ALICE Muon Spectrometer. Instrum Exp Tech 62, 750–763 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020441219060071

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