Abstract
Three variants of the design of ion sources are described: (1) with a hollow cathode and an anode-evaporator system in the rear part of the source, (2) with a cylindrical anode, and (3) with a hollow cathode and an anode in the front part. It is shown that these sources are most suitable for obtaining ion beams of solid-state elements and provide ion currents of ∼70–100 μA (for Al, Bi, As, Sb), 25 μA (Eu), and 15–30 μA (Fe, V, Cr, and doubly charged and molecular ions). Such sources are characterized by a relatively long operation time (tens of hours) and a low energy consumption level (300–400 W). The operational principle of ion sources is described with consideration for the differences in their designs. The experimental results are presented: the dependences of the ion currents on the discharge current, cathode current, and induction of the magnetic field of the source’s electromagnet, as well as the results of the computer simulations that are based on a numerical model of the ionization of atoms in the source.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Li, Wei-qing, Qi, Le-jun, Lu, Ming, et al., Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2005, vol. 71, p. 155329.
Facsko, S., Dekorsy, T., Koerdt, C., et al., Science, 1999, vol. 285, p. 1551.
Meldrum, A., Boatner, L.A., and White, C.W., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. B: Beam Inter. Mater. Atoms, 2001, vol. 178, p. 7.
Meldrum, A., Buchanan, K.S., Hryciw, A., and White, W., Adv. Mat., 2004, vol. 16, p. 31.
Komarov, F., Vlasukova, L., Wesch, W., et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. B: Beam Inter. Mater. Atoms, 2008, vol. 266, p. 3557.
Komarov, F.F., Mil’chanin, O.V., Vlasukova, L.A., et al., Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk., Ser. Fiz., 2010, vol. 74, p. 273.
Prucnal, S., Turek, M., Drozdziel, A., et al., Appl. Phys., B, 2010, vol. 101, p. 315.
Prucnal, S., Turek, M., Drozdziel, A., et al., Centr. Europ. J. Phys., 2011, vol. 9, p. 338.
Vijendran, S., Lin, S.D., and Jones, G.A.C., Microelectron. Eng., 2004, vol. 73–74, p. 111.
Overberg, M.E., Gila, B.P., Thaler, G.T., et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 2002, vol. 20, p. 969.
Ping, C., Jian, M., Lirong, R., and Lin, G., J. Rare Earth, 2006, vol. 24, p. 298.
Kanjilal, A., Rebohle, L., Prucnal, S., et al., Phys. Rev., B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2009, vol. 80, p. 241313.
Prucnal, S., Rebohle, L., and Skorupa, W., Appl. Phys., B, 2009, vol. 94, p. 289.
Castagna, M.E., Coffa, S., Monaco, M., et al., Mater. Sci. Eng., B, 2003, vol. 105, p. 83.
Handbook of Ion Sources, Wolf, B., CRC Press, 1995.
Brown, I.G., The Physics and Technology of Ion Sources, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2004.
Waldmann, H. and Martin, B., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. B: Beam Inter. Mater. Atoms, 1995, vol. 98, p. 532.
Southon, J.R. and Roberts, M.L., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. B: Beam Inter. Mater. Atoms, 2000, vol. 172, p. 257.
Belykh, S.F., Palitsin, V.V., Veryovkin, I.V., et al., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, vol. 252, p. 7321.
Feng, Y.C. and Wong, S.P., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. B: Beam Inter. Mater. Atoms, 1999, vol. 149, p. 195.
Meldizon, J., Vacuum, 1996, vol. 47, p. 209.
Meldizon, J., Drozdziel, A., Latuszynski, A., et al., Vacuum, 2003, vol. 70, p. 447.
Rosiński, M., Badziak, J., Boody, F.P., et al., Vacuum, 2005, vol. 78, p. 435.
Khalil, A.A.I. and Gondal, M.A., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. B: Beam Inter. Mater. Atoms, 2009, vol. 267, p. 3356.
Ganetsos, Th.R., Mair, G.L., Aidinis, C.J., and Bischoff, L., Physica B, 2003, vols. 340–342, p. 1166.
Mazarov, P., Wieck, A.D., Bischoff, L., and Pilz, W., J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 2009, vol. 27, p. L47.
Yamada, H. and Torii, Y., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1986, vol. 57, p. 1282.
Sidenius, G., Nucl. Instrum. Meth., 1965, vol. 38, p. 26.
Wísniewski, R., Czachor, A., Wilczynska, T., and Semina, V.K., High Press. Res.: An Int. J., 2007, vol. 27, p. 193.
Wilczynska, T., Wiśniewski, R., Czachor, A., and Semina, V.K., Przegl. Elektrotechn., 2008, vol. 84, p. 186.
Nielsen, K.O., Nucl. Instrum. Meth., 1957, vol. 1, p. 289.
Turek, M., Prucnal, S., Drozdziel, A., and Pyszniak, K., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2009, vol. 80, p. 043304.
Turek, M., Droździel, A., Pyszniak, K., et al., Przegl. Elektrotechn., 2010, vol. 86, p. 193.
Turek, M., Prucnal, S., Drozdziel, A., and Pyszniak, K., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. B: Beam Inter. Mater. Atoms, 2011, vol. 269, p. 700.
Hockney, R. and Eastwood, J., Computer Simulation Using Particles, Philadelphia: Adam Hilger, 1988.
Bartlett, P.L. and Stelbovics, A.T., Phys. Rev., A, 2002, vol. 66, p. 012707.
Lotz, W., Z. Phys., 1969, vol. 220, p. 466.
Freund, R.S., Wetzel, R.C., Shul, R.J., and Hayes, T.R., Phys. Rev., A, 1990, vol. 41, p. 3575.
Oks, E.M. and Yushkov, G.Yu., Russ. Phys. J., 1994, vol. 37, p. 222.
http://www.highvolteng.com/media/Leaflets/Model-SO-55-Ion-Source.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © M. Turek, A. Drozdziel, K. Pyszniak, S. Prucnal, D. Maczka, Yu.V. Yushkevich, Yu.A. Vaganov, 2012, published in Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, 2012, No. 4, pp. 57–69.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Turek, M., Drozdziel, A., Pyszniak, K. et al. Plasma sources of ions of solids. Instrum Exp Tech 55, 469–481 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020441212030062
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020441212030062