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Acoustic Testing of Residual Stresses in 5KhNM Steel Samples

  • STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES RESEARCH PHYSICAL METHODS OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING
  • Published:
Inorganic Materials Aims and scope

Abstract

Heat treatment (HT) is one of the main and most important stages of the technological cycle of manufacturing of metal products. The residual stresses (RSs) occurring in metals upon their heat treatment significantly influence the service life of products. This work aims at developing a technique of nondestructive acoustic testing of RSs in steel samples. The method is based on the phenomenon of acoustoelasticity, i.e., the dependence of acoustic characteristics on parameters of the medium under study. The fields of residual stresses in rectangular samples made of 5KhNM die steel were induced using various HT modes including cooling both in traditional media (water, oil, air) and using a water–air mixture (WAM). Control of the ratio of water–air parameters along with the direction of the WAM flow rate yielded the desired cooling rate and locality of the process. It was established that, with the distance from the cooling plane, the RS level decreases and the microstructure and elastic characteristics of the material change. The effect of cooling on the formation of temperature fields and the RS value was analyzed using computer simulation via the CAE ANSYS software code. The values of the 5KhNM steel characteristics formed a set of input parameters for the simulation. The simulation results confirmed the experimental data. The acoustic measurements were performed using an ASTRON measuring and computing complex, which made it possible to determine the velocities of elastic (longitudinal and shear) waves and elastic moduli of the material under study. The RS values obtained by the acoustic method were compared with the data obtained by the X-ray method. It was found that differences between the values measured by the acoustic and X-ray methods do not exceed 10%. The results can be used at the place of production upon measuring the RSs in large-sized dies made of 5KhNM steel using the acoustic method.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-19-00332.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alekseev State Technical University, 603155, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

    A. A. Khlybov, D. A. Ryabov & K. A. Minkov

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  1. A. A. Khlybov
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  2. D. A. Ryabov
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  3. K. A. Minkov
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Correspondence to A. A. Khlybov.

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Translated by N. Podymova

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Khlybov, A.A., Ryabov, D.A. & Minkov, K.A. Acoustic Testing of Residual Stresses in 5KhNM Steel Samples. Inorg Mater 57, 1473–1478 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168521150103

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168521150103

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