Abstract
Data are presented on the formation sequence of metallic, carbide, and intermediate oxide phases in the carbon reduction of CoWO4 and NiWO4. The surface reaction between CoWO4 particles and solid carbon yields the mixed carbide Co6W6C, while the reaction with the CO originating from carbon vaporization yields the intermetallic phase Co7W6. The initial stage of the solid-state and gas-phase reduction of NiWO4 yields a solid solution of tungsten in nickel (∼10 at % W), Ni4W, and, presumably, the NiWO4-WO3 eutectic. The solid solution reacts with carbon to form Ni2W4C and with CO to form filamentary tungsten crystals.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Tumarev, A.S., Combined Reduction and Oxidation of Elements, in Problemy metallurgii (Current Topics in Metallurgy), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1953, pp. 33–63.
Skorokhod, V.V., Solonin, Yu.M., and Uvarova, I.V., Khimicheskie, diffuzionnye i reologicheskie protsessy v tekhnologii poroshkovykh materialov (Chemical, Diffusion, and Rheological Processes in Powder Materials Technology), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1990.
Barnett, C.J., Burstein, G.T., Kucernak, A.R., and Williams, K.R., Electrocatalytic Activity of Some Carburized Nickel, Tungsten, and Molybdenum Compounds, Electrochim. Acta, 1997, vol. 42, no. 15, pp. 2381–2388.
Ban, Z.G. and Shaw, L.L., Synthesis and Processing of Nanostructured WC-Co Materials, J. Mater. Sci., 2002, no. 37, pp. 3397–3403.
Vaskevich, N.K., Senchikhin, V.K., and Tret’yakov, V.I., Concerning the Preparation of WC-Co Mixtures, Tsvetn. Metall., 1984, no. 2, pp. 34–37.
Petukhov, A.S., Uvarova, I.V., Savyak, M.P., and Konchalovskaya, L.D., Reduction Kinetics of Tungsten and Cobalt in Mixed Oxide Systems, Poroshk. Metall. (Kiev), 1993, no. 11/12, pp. 92–96.
Ban, Z.G. and Shaw, L.L., On the Reaction Sequence of WC-Co Formation an Integrated Mechanical and Thermal Activation Process, Acta Mater., 2001, no. 49, pp. 2933–2939.
Xiao, T., Wang, H., York, P.E., et al., Preparation of Nickel-Tungsten Bimetallic Carbide Catalysts, J. Catal., 2002, no. 209, pp. 318–330.
Kireev, V.A., Metody prakticheskikh raschetov v termodinamike khimicheskikh reaktsii (Practical Calculations in Chemical Thermodynamics), Moscow: Khimiya, 1970.
Zharkova, L.A. and Gerasimov, Ya.I., Approximate Calculations of the Thermodynamic Characteristics of Divalent-Metal Tungstates and Molybdates, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1961, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 8–12.
Elyutin, V.P., Pavlov, Yu.A., Polyakov, V.P., and Sheboldaev, S.B., Vzaimodeistvie okislov metallov s uglerodom (Reactions of Metal Oxides with Carbon), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1976.
Schlobmacher, P. and Ymasaki, T., Structural Analysis of Electroplated Amorphous-Nanocrystalline Ni-W, Microchim. Acta, 2000, no. 132, pp. 309–313.
Diagrammy sostoyaniya tugoplavkikh oksidov: Spravochnik (Phase Diagrams of Refractory Oxides: A Handbook), Leningrad: Nauka, 1988, issue 5, part 4, pp. 341–344.
Venables, D.S. and Broun, M.E., Reduction of Tungsten Oxides with Carbon Monooxide, Thermochim. Acta, 1997, no. 291, pp. 131–140.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © N.V. Lebukhova, N.F. Karpovich, 2006, published in Neorganicheskie Materialy, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 357–362.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lebukhova, N.V., Karpovich, N.F. Carbothermic reduction of cobalt and nickel tungstates. Inorg Mater 42, 310–315 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168506030174
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168506030174