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Contributions from Different-Type Active Regions Into the Total Solar Unsigned Magnetic Flux

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Abstract

Data set acquired by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) during 2010–2017 allowed us to classify active regions (ARs) into three categories: A-type— regular bipolar ARs; U-type—unipolar spots; B-type—irregular ARs, violating either Hale polarity law or Joy’s law or having the leading spot less than the main following spot. A separate subset of anti-Hale ARs was formed. We selected 1494 ARs in total and found the following: (i) Pearson correlation coefficient r between the total unsigned flux for a given category and the International Sunspot Number smoothly decreases with transition from A-type (r = 0.57) to B-type (r = 0.53) to anti-Hale ARs (r = 0.31) to U-type (r = 0.18); (ii) yearly contributions into the total flux from categories also gradually decreases: from 50–70% from A-type ARs to 20–40% from B‑type ARs to 10–20% from U-type ARs to 5–11% from anti-Hale ARs. (iii) At the beginning of the solar minimum, the fraction of flux from anti-Hale groups increased from 5 to 9% and amount of flux per magnetogram was constant at about 1021 Mx level. The data are compatible with a concept that generation of the magnetic field on the Sun occurs as a united process in a non-linear dynamical dissipative system, i.e., global and local (fluctuation) dynamos are inseparable and operate together. The observed enhancement of the anti-Hale flux during the solar maximum can be due to the combined mechanisms of global mean-field and local fluctuation dynamos.

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  1. Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of Russian Academy of Science, 298409, Nauchny, Bakhchisaray, Crimea, Russia

    V. I. Abramenko, A. V. Zhukova & A. S. Kutsenko

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Abramenko, V.I., Zhukova, A.V. & Kutsenko, A.S. Contributions from Different-Type Active Regions Into the Total Solar Unsigned Magnetic Flux. Geomagn. Aeron. 58, 1159–1169 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793218080224

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