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Role of Glutathione Peroxidases and Peroxiredoxins in Free Radical-Induced Pathologies

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Abstract

In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of some socially significant diseases associated with the development of oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and radiation sickness, as well as the possibilities of the therapeutic application of low-molecular-weight natural and synthetic antioxidants for the correction of free radical-induced pathologies. The main focus of this review is the role of two phylogenetically close families of hydroperoxide-reducing antioxidant enzymes peroxiredoxins and glutathione peroxidases – in counteracting oxidative stress. We also present examples of the application of exogenous recombinant antioxidant enzymes as therapeutic agents in the treatment of pathologies associated with free-radical processes and discuss the prospects of the therapeutic use of exogenous antioxidant enzymes, as well as the ways to improve their therapeutic properties.

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Abbreviations

CHO:

Chinese hamster ovary cells

CAT:

catalase

GPx:

glutathione peroxidase

LDL:

low-density lipoprotein

LOOH:

lipid hydroperoxide

LPO:

lipid peroxidation

MDA:

malondialdehyde

NO• :

nitric oxide

Prx:

peroxiredoxin

RCS:

reactive carbonyl species

RNS:

reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects nos. 19-04-00080 and 20-34-70037).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia

    Mars G. Sharapov & Vladimir I. Novoselov

  2. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    Sergey V. Gudkov

  3. Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

    Sergey V. Gudkov

  4. All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050, Bolshiye Vyazemy, Russia

    Sergey V. Gudkov

  5. National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 121552, Moscow, Russia

    Vadim Z. Lankin

Authors
  1. Mars G. Sharapov
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  2. Sergey V. Gudkov
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  3. Vadim Z. Lankin
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  4. Vladimir I. Novoselov
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Correspondence to Mars G. Sharapov.

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The original online version of this article was revised: The name of the first author was spelled incorrectly. The erroneous variant Mars G. Shaparov was corrected to Mars G. Sharapov.

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Sharapov, M.G., Gudkov, S.V., Lankin, V.Z. et al. Role of Glutathione Peroxidases and Peroxiredoxins in Free Radical-Induced Pathologies. Biochemistry Moscow 86, 1418–1433 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297921110067

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