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Methods for Optical Skin Clearing in Molecular Optical Imaging in Dermatology

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Abstract

This short review describes recent progress in using optical clearing (OC) technique in skin studies. Optical clear-ing is an efficient tool for enhancing the probing depth and data quality in multiphoton microscopy and Raman spec-troscopy. Here, we discuss the main mechanisms of OC, its safety, advantages, and limitations. The data on the OC effect on the skin water content are presented. It was demonstrated that 70% glycerol and 100% OmnipaqueTM 300 reduce the water content in the skin. Both OC agents (OCAs) significantly affect the strongly bound and weakly bound water. However, OmnipaqueTM 300 causes considerably less skin dehydration than glycerol. In addition, the results of examination of the OC effect on autofluorescence in two-photon excitation and background fluorescence in Raman scattering at different skin depths are presented. It is shown that OmnipaqueTM 300 is a promising OCA due to its ability to reduce background fluo-rescence in the upper skin layers. The possibility of multimodal imaging combining optical methods and OC technique is discussed.

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Abbreviations

AF:

autofluorescence

CARS:

coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

DMSO:

dimethyl sulfoxide

MPT:

multiphoton tomography

OC:

optical clearing

OCA:

optical clearing agent

OCT:

optical coherence tomography

PA:

photoacoustics

PAT:

PA tomography

PEG:

polyethylene glycol

RS:

Raman spectroscopy

RM:

Raman microscopy

SERS:

surface enhanced Raman scattering

SHG:

second har-monic generation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, 90570, Oulu, Finland

    A. Yu. Sdobnov

  2. Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, 410012, Saratov, Russia

    A. Yu. Sdobnov & V. V. Tuchin

  3. Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    J. Lademann & M. E. Darvin

  4. Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, Russian Academy of Sciences, 410028, Saratov, Russia

    V. V. Tuchin

  5. Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia

    V. V. Tuchin

  6. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia

    V. V. Tuchin

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  1. A. Yu. Sdobnov
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  2. J. Lademann
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  3. M. E. Darvin
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  4. V. V. Tuchin
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Correspondence to A. Yu. Sdobnov.

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Russian Text © A. Yu. Sdobnov, J. Lademann, M. E. Darvin, V. V. Tuchin, 2019, published in Uspekhi Biologicheskoi Khimii, 2019, Vol. 59, pp. 295–322.

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Sdobnov, A.Y., Lademann, J., Darvin, M.E. et al. Methods for Optical Skin Clearing in Molecular Optical Imaging in Dermatology. Biochemistry Moscow 84 (Suppl 1), 144–158 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297919140098

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297919140098

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