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The many facets of Raman spectroscopy for biomedical analysis

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Abstract

A critical review is presented on the use of linear and nonlinear Raman microspectroscopy in biomedical diagnostics of bacteria, cells, and tissues. This contribution is combined with an overview of the achievements of our research group. Linear Raman spectroscopy offers a wealth of chemical and molecular information. Its routine clinical application poses a challenge due to relatively weak signal intensities and confounding overlapping effects. Nonlinear variants of Raman spectroscopy such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have been recognized as tools for rapid image acquisition. Imaging applications benefit from the fact that contrast is based on the chemical composition and molecular structures in a label-free and nondestructive manner. Although not label-free, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has also been recognized as a complementary biomedical tool to increase sensitivity. The current state of the art is evaluated, illustrative examples are given, future developments are pointed out, and important reviews and references from the current literature are selected. The topics are identification of bacteria and single cells, imaging of single cells, Raman activated cell sorting, diagnosis of tissue sections, fiber optic Raman spectroscopy, and progress in coherent Raman scattering in tissue diagnosis. The roles of networks—such as Raman4clinics and CLIRSPEC on a European level—and early adopters in the translation, dissemination, and validation of new methods are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

Financial supports of the EU, the Thüringer Kultusministerium, the Thüringer Aufbaubank, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (BMBF), the German Science Foundation (DFG), the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, and the Carl-Zeiss Foundation are greatly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Christoph Krafft & Jürgen Popp

  2. Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Jürgen Popp

Authors
  1. Christoph Krafft
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  2. Jürgen Popp
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Correspondence to Christoph Krafft.

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Published in the topical collection celebrating ABCs 13th Anniversary.

For his notable achievements in the field of analytical chemistry in Europe, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Popp had the honor of holding the “Robert Kellner Lecture” at the Euroanalysis XVII conference in Warsaw in August 2013.

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Krafft, C., Popp, J. The many facets of Raman spectroscopy for biomedical analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 407, 699–717 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8311-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8311-9

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