Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

RNA editing in plant organelles. Why make it easy?

  • Review
  • Published:
Biochemistry (Moscow) Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Gene expression in plant organelles involves a number of distinct co- or posttranscriptional nucleic acid modifications: 5′ and 3′ RNA processing, cis- and trans-splicing, RNA stability, and RNA editing. All contribute to the steady-state RNA levels available for the translation of the reduced but essential organellar genetic information. Different from other maturation processes, RNA editing at the transcript level modifies the information encoded by organellar genes and is an essential step for the production of functional proteins. Editing changes are extensive in mitochondria from flowering plants with more than 400 cytidine-to-uridine changes that involve most transcripts, while in chloroplasts they are limited to some RNAs. An additional U-to-C RNA editing reaction is observed with the C-to-U transitions in fern and moss organelles. While RNA editing targets mostly concern coding regions, some events occur in untranslated regions. Whereas RNA editing is genetically and biochemically distinct from other RNA modification activities, evidence is growing for a tight connection between the different processing events. Although the understanding of this astonishing mechanism has increased since its discovery in 1989, some important questions remain unanswered. In this review we discuss the current knowledge on the different aspects of C-to-U, and to a lesser extent U-to-C, and look at RNA editing in plants with a particular emphasis on recent developments involving the role of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins in this process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Covello, P. S., and Gray, M. W. (1989) Nature, 341, 662–666.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gualberto, J. M., Lamattina, L., Bonnard, G., Weil, J. H., and Grienenberger, J. M. (1989) Nature, 341, 660–662.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hiesel, R., Wissinger, B., Schuster, W., and Brennicke, A. (1989) Science, 246, 1632–1634.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hoch, B., Maier, R. M., Appel, K., Igloi, G. L., and Kossel, H. (1991) Nature, 353, 178–180.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Begu, D., Graves, P. V., Domec, C., Arselin, G., Litvak, S., and Araya, A. (1990) Plant Cell, 2, 1283–1290.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Covello, P. S., and Gray, M. W. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res., 18, 5189–5196.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Schuster, W., Wissinger, B., Unseld, M., and Brennicke, A. (1990) EMBO J., 9, 263–269.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Grohmann, L., Thieck, O., Herz, U., Schroder, W., and Brennicke, A. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res., 22, 3304–3311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lu, B., and Hanson, M. R. (1994) Plant Cell, 6, 1955–1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Covello, P. S., and Gray, M. W. (1990) FEBS Lett., 268, 5–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gomez-Casati, D. F., Busi, M. V., Gonzalez-Schain, N., Mouras, A., Zabaleta, E. J., and Araya, A. (2002) FEBS Lett., 532, 70–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hernould, M., Suharsono, S., Litvak, S., Araya, A., and Mouras, A. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 2370–2374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Busi, M. V., Gomez-Casati, D. F., Perales, M., Araya, A., and Zabaleta, E. (2006) Plant Physiol. Biochem., 44, 1–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zabaleta, E., Mouras, A., Hernould, M., Suharsono, S., and Araya, A. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 11259–11263.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bock, R., Kossel, H., and Maliga, P. (1994) EMBO J., 13, 4623–4628.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hiesel, R., Combettes, B., and Brennicke, A. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 629–633.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Oda, K., Yamato, K., Ohta, E., Nakamura, Y., Takemura, M., Nozato, N., Akashi, K., Kanegae, T., Ogura, Y., Kohchi, T., et al. (1992) J. Mol. Biol., 223, 1–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Steinhauser, S., Beckert, S., Capesius, I., Malek, O., and Knoop, V. (1999) J. Mol. Evol., 48, 303–312.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Groth-Malonek, M., Wahrmund, U., Polsakiewicz, M., and Knoop, V. (2007) Mol. Biol. Evol., 24, 1068–1074.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Giege, P., and Brennicke, A. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 15324–15329.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Handa, H. (2003) Nucleic Acids Res., 31, 5907–5916.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Mower, J. P., and Palmer, J. D. (2006) Mol. Genet. Genom., 276, 285–293.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Notsu, Y., Masood, S., Nishikawa, T., Kubo, N., Akiduki, G., Nakazono, M., Hirai, A., and Kadowaki, K. (2002) Mol. Genet. Genom., 268, 434–445.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Picardi, E., Horner, D. S., Chiara, M., Schiavon, R., Valle, G., and Pesole, G. (2010) Nucleic Acids Res., 38, 4755–4767.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Chaw, S. M., Shih, A. C., Wang, D., Wu, Y. W., Liu, S. M., and Chou, T. Y. (2008) Mol. Biol. Evol., 25, 603–615.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Grewe, F., Herres, S., Viehover, P., Polsakiewicz, M., Weisshaar, B., and Knoop, V. (2010) Nucleic Acids Res., doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq1227.

  27. Jobson, R. W., and Qiu, Y. L. (2008) Biol. Direct., 3, 43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bentolila, S., Elliott, L. E., and Hanson, M. R. (2008) Genetics, 178, 1693–1708.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Calsa Junior, T., Carraro, D. M., Benatti, M. R., Barbosa, A. C., Kitajima, J. P., and Carrer, H. (2004) Curr. Genet., 46, 366–373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chateigner-Boutin, A. L., and Small, I. (2007) Nucleic Acids Res., 35, e114.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Corneille, S., Lutz, K., and Maliga, P. (2000) Mol. Gen. Genet., 264, 419–424.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hirose, T., Kusumegi, T., Tsudzuki, T., and Sugiura, M. (1999) Mol. Gen. Genet., 262, 462–467.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Inada, M., Sasaki, T., Yukawa, M., Tsudzuki, T., and Sugiura, M. (2004) Plant Cell Physiol., 45, 1615–1622.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kahlau, S., Aspinall, S., Gray, J. C., and Bock, R. (2006) J. Mol. Evol., 63, 194–207.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Maier, R. M., Neckermann, K., Igloi, G. L., and Kossel, H. (1995) J. Mol. Biol., 251, 614–628.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Schmitz-Linneweber, C., Regel, R., Du, T. G., Hupfer, H., Herrmann, R. G., and Maier, R. M. (2002) Mol. Biol. Evol., 19, 1602–1612.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Wakasugi, T., Hirose, T., Horihata, M., Tsudzuki, T., Kossel, H., and Sugiura, M. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 8766–8770.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Zeng, W. H., Liao, S. C., and Chang, C. C. (2007) Plant Cell Physiol., 48, 362–368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Tsudzuki, T., Wakasugi, T., and Sugiura, M. (2001) J. Mol. Evol., 53, 327–332.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Malek, O., Lattig, K., Hiesel, R., Brennicke, A., and Knoop, V. (1996) EMBO J., 15, 1403–1411.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kugita, M., Yamamoto, Y., Fujikawa, T., Matsumoto, T., and Yoshinaga, K. (2003) Nucleic Acids Res., 31, 2417–2423.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Wolf, P. G., Rowe, C. A., and Hasebe, M. (2004) Gene, 339, 89–97.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Araya, A., Domec, C., Begu, D., and Litvak, S. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 1040–1044.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Rajasekhar, V. K., and Mulligan, R. M. (1993) Plant Cell, 5, 1843–1852.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Yu, W., and Schuster, W. (1995) J. Biol. Chem., 270, 18227–18233.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Blanc, V., Litvak, S., and Araya, A. (1995) FEBS Lett., 373, 56–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hirose, T., and Sugiura, M. (2001) EMBO J., 20, 1144–1152.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Faivre-Nitschke, S. E., Grienenberger, J. M., and Gualberto, J. M. (1999) Eur. J. Biochem., 263, 896–903.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Salone, V., Rudinger, M., Polsakiewicz, M., Hoffmann, B., Groth-Malonek, M., Szurek, B., Small, I., Knoop, V., and Lurin, C. (2007) FEBS Lett., 581, 4132–4138.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bonen, L. (2008) Mitochondrion, 8, 26–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Borner, G. V., Morl, M., Wissinger, B., Brennicke, A., and Schmelzer, C. (1995) Mol. Gen. Genet., 246, 739–744.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Castandet, B., Choury, D., Begu, D., Jordana, X., and Araya, A. (2010) Nucleic Acids Res., 38, 7112–7121.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kudla, J., and Bock, R. (1999) Gene, 234, 81–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Marechal-Drouard, L., Kumar, R., Remacle, C., and Small, I. (1996) Nucleic Acids Res., 24, 3229–3234.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Marechal-Drouard, L., Ramamonjisoa, D., Cosset, A., Weil, J. H., and Dietrich, A. (1993) Nucleic Acids Res., 21, 4909–4914.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Miyata, Y., Sugita, C., Maruyama, K., and Sugita, M. (2008) Plant Biol., 10, 250–255.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kunzmann, A., Brennicke, A., and Marchfelder, A. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 108–113.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Marchfelder, A., Brennicke, A., and Binder, S. (1996) J. Biol. Chem., 271, 1898–1903.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Mulligan, R. M., Chang, K. L., and Chou, C. C. (2007) Mol. Biol. Evol., 24, 1971–1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Tillich, M., Lehwark, P., Morton, B. R., and Maier, U. G. (2006) Mol. Biol. Evol., 23, 1912–1921.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Bock, R., Hermann, M., and Fuchs, M. (1997) RNA, 3, 1194–1200.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Bock, R., Hermann, M., and Kossel, H. (1996) EMBO J., 15, 5052–5059.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Chaudhuri, S., Carrer, H., and Maliga, P. (1995) EMBO J., 14, 2951–2957.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Chaudhuri, S., and Maliga, P. (1996) EMBO J., 15, 5958–5964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Hermann, M., and Bock, R. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 4856–4861.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Miyamoto, T., Obokata, J., and Sugiura, M. (2002) Mol. Cell Biol., 22, 6726–6734.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Hayes, M. L., Reed, M. L., Hegeman, C. E., and Hanson, M. R. (2006) Nucleic Acids Res., 34, 3742–3754.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Miyamoto, T., Obokata, J., and Sugiura, M. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 48–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Hayes, M. L., and Hanson, M. R. (2007) RNA, 13, 281–288.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Hayes, M. L., and Hanson, M. R. (2008) J. Mol. Evol., 67, 233–245.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kubo, N., and Kadowaki, K. (1997) FEBS Lett., 413, 40–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Williams, M. A., Kutcher, B. M., and Mulligan, R. M. (1998) Plant Mol. Biol., 36, 229–237.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Farre, J. C., and Araya, A. (2001) Nucleic Acids Res., 29, 2484–2491.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Farre, J. C., and Araya, A. (2002) Plant J., 29, 203–213.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Bolle, N., and Kempken, F. (2006) FEBS Lett., 580, 4443–4448.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Choury, D., Farre, J. C., Jordana, X., and Araya, A. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res., 33, 7058–7065.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Staudinger, M., and Kempken, F. (2003) Mol. Genet. Genom., 269, 553–561.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Choury, D., Farre, J. C., Jordana, X., and Araya, A. (2004) Nucleic Acids Res., 32, 6397–6406.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Farre, J. C., Leon, G., Jordana, X., and Araya, A. (2001) Mol. Cell Biol., 21, 6731–6737.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Neuwirt, J., Takenaka, M., van der Merwe, J. A., and Brennicke, A. (2005) RNA, 11, 1563–1570.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Takenaka, M., and Brennicke, A. (2003) J. Biol. Chem., 278, 47526–47533.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Takenaka, M., Neuwirt, J., and Brennicke, A. (2004) Nucleic Acids Res., 32, 4137–4144.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Van der Merwe, J. A., Takenaka, M., Neuwirt, J., Verbitskiy, D., and Brennicke, A. (2006) FEBS Lett., 580, 268–272.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Staudinger, M., Bolle, N., and Kempken, F. (2005) Mol. Genet. Genom., 273, 130–136.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Verbitskiy, D., van der Merwe, J. A., Zehrmann, A., Brennicke, A., and Takenaka, M. (2008) J. Biol. Chem., 283, 24374–24381.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Halter, C. P., Peeters, N. M., and Hanson, M. R. (2004) Curr. Genet., 45, 331–337.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Hinrichsen, I., Bolle, N., Paun, L., and Kempken, F. (2009) Plant Mol. Biol., 70, 663–668.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Chateigner-Boutin, A. L., and Hanson, M. R. (2002) Mol. Cell Biol., 22, 8448–8456.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Heller, W. P., Hayes, M. L., and Hanson, M. R. (2008) J. Biol. Chem., 283, 7314–7319.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Kobayashi, Y., Matsuo, M., Sakamoto, K., Wakasugi, T., Yamada, K., and Obokata, J. (2008) Nucleic Acids Res., 36, 311–318.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Tillich, M., Hardel, S. L., Kupsch, C., Armbruster, U., Delannoy, E., Gualberto, J. M., Lehwark, P., Leister, D., Small, I. D., and Schmitz-Linneweber, C. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 6002–6007.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Kotera, E., Tasaka, M., and Shikanai, T. (2005) Nature, 433, 326–330.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Cai, W., Ji, D., Peng, L., Guo, J., Ma, J., Zou, M., Lu, C., and Zhang, L. (2009) Plant Physiol., 150, 1260–1271.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Chateigner-Boutin, A. L., Ramos-Vega, M., Guevara-Garcia, A., Andres, C., de la Luz Gutierrez-Nava, M., Cantero, A., Delannoy, E., Jimenez, L. F., Lurin, C., Small, I., and Leon, P. (2008) Plant J., 56, 590–602.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Hammani, K., Okuda, K., Tanz, S. K., Chateigner-Boutin, A. L., Shikanai, T., and Small, I. (2009) Plant Cell, 21, 3686–3699.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Okuda, K., Chateigner-Boutin, A. L., Nakamura, T., Delannoy, E., Sugita, M., Myouga, F., Motohashi, R., Shinozaki, K., Small, I., and Shikanai, T. (2009) Plant Cell, 21, 146–156.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Okuda, K., Hammani, K., Tanz, S. K., Peng, L., Fukao, Y., Myouga, F., Motohashi, R., Shinozaki, K., Small, I., and Shikanai, T. (2010) Plant J., 61, 339–349.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Okuda, K., Myouga, F., Motohashi, R., Shinozaki, K., and Shikanai, T. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 8178–8183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Tseng, C. C., Sung, T. Y., Li, Y. C., Hsu, S. J., Lin, C. L., and Hsieh, M. H. (2010) Plant Mol. Biol., 73, 309–323.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Yu, Q. B., Jiang, Y., Chong, K., and Yang, Z. N. (2009) Plant J., 59, 1011–1023.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Zhou, W., Cheng, Y., Yap, A., Chateigner-Boutin, A. L., Delannoy, E., Hammani, K., Small, I., and Huang, J. (2009) Plant J., 58, 82–96.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Robbins, J. C., Heller, W. P., and Hanson, M. R. (2009) RNA, 15, 1142–1153.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Okuda, K., Habata, Y., Kobayashi, Y., and Shikanai, T. (2008) Nucleic Acids Res., 36, 6155–6164.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Zehrmann, A., van der Merwe, J. A., Verbitskiy, D., Brennicke, A., and Takenaka, M. (2008) Mitochondrion, 8, 319–327.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Zehrmann, A., Verbitskiy, D., van der Merwe, J. A., Brennicke, A., and Takenaka, M. (2009) Plant Cell, 21, 558–567.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Takenaka, M., and Brennicke, A. (2009) Nucleic Acids Res., 37, e13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Verbitskiy, D., Zehrmann, A., van der Merwe, J. A., Brennicke, A., and Takenaka, M. (2010) Plant J., 61, 446–455.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Bentolila, S., Knight, W., and Hanson, M. (2010) Plant Physiol., 154, 1966–1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Doniwa, Y., Ueda, M., Ueta, M., Wada, A., Kadowaki, K., and Tsutsumi, N. (2010) Gene, 454, 39–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Kim, S. R., Yang, J. I., Moon, S., Ryu, C. H., An, K., Kim, K. M., Yim, J., and An, G. (2009) Plant J., 59, 738–749.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Ohtani, S., Ichinose, M., Tasaki, E., Aoki, Y., Komura, Y., and Sugita, M. (2010) Plant Cell Physiol., 51, 1942–1949.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Sung, T. Y., Tseng, C. C., and Hsieh, M. H. (2010) Plant J., 63, 499–511.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Takenaka, M. (2010) Plant Physiol., 152, 939–947.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Takenaka, M., Verbitskiy, D., Zehrmann, A., and Brennicke, A. (2010) J. Biol. Chem., 285, 27122–27129.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Tasaki, E., Hattori, M., and Sugita, M. (2010) Plant J., 62, 560–570.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Aubourg, S., Boudet, N., Kreis, M., and Lecharny, A. (2000) Plant Mol. Biol., 42, 603–613.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Lurin, C., Andres, C., Aubourg, S., Bellaoui, M., Bitton, F., Bruyere, C., Caboche, M., Debast, C., Gualberto, J., Hoffmann, B., Lecharny, A., Le Ret, M., Martin-Magniette, M. L., Mireau, H., Peeters, N., Renou, J. P., Szurek, B., Taconnat, L., and Small, I. (2004) Plant Cell, 16, 2089–2103.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Small, I. D., and Peeters, N. (2000) Trends Biochem. Sci., 25, 46–47.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Schmitz-Linneweber, C., and Small, I. (2008) Trends Plant Sci., 13, 663–670.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Rudinger, M., Polsakiewicz, M., and Knoop, V. (2008) Mol. Biol. Evol., 25, 1405–1414.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Chateigner-Boutin, A. L., and Small, I. (2010) RNA Biol., 7, 213–219.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Okuda, K., Nakamura, T., Sugita, M., Shimizu, T., and Shikanai, T. (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281, 37661–37667.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Chateigner-Boutin, A.-L., des Francs-Small, C. C., Delannoy, E., Kahlau, S., Tanz, S. K., de Longevialle, A. F., Fujii, S., and Small, I. (2011) Plant J., 65, 532–542.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Nakamura, T., and Sugita, M. (2008) FEBS Lett., 582, 4163–4168.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Tang, J., Kobayashi, K., Suzuki, M., Matsumoto, S., and Muranaka, T. (2010) Plant J., 61, 456–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Microbiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire et Pathogénicité (MCMP), UMR5234 CNRS-Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France

    B. Castandet & A. Araya

  2. Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, USA

    B. Castandet

Authors
  1. B. Castandet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Araya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Araya.

Additional information

Published in Russian in Biokhimiya, 2011, Vol. 76, No. 8, pp. 1132–1141.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Castandet, B., Araya, A. RNA editing in plant organelles. Why make it easy?. Biochemistry Moscow 76, 924–931 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297911080086

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297911080086

Key words

Search

Navigation