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RNA editing of plastid-encoded genes

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Photosynthetica

Abstract

RNA editing is post-transcriptional modification to RNA molecules. In plants, RNA editing primarily occurs to two energy-producing organelles: plastids and mitochondria. Organelle RNA editing is often viewed as a mechanism of correction to compensate for defects or mutations in haploid organelle genomes. A common type of organelle RNA editing is deamination from cytidine to uridine. Cytidine-to-uridine plastid RNA editing is carried out by the RNA editing complex which consists of at least four types of proteins: pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, RNA editing interacting proteins/multiple organellar RNA editing factors, organelle RNA recognition motif proteins, and organelle zinc-finger proteins. The four types of RNA editing factors work together to carry out RNA editing site recognition, zinc cofactor binding, and cytidine-to-uridine deamination. In addition, three other types of proteins have been found to be important for plastid RNA editing. These additional proteins may play a regulatory or stabilizing role in the RNA editing complex.

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Abbreviations

APOBEC:

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like

CDA:

cytidine deaminase

CLB:

chloroplast biogenesis

CP31A:

31 kD chloroplast protein A

CP31B:

31 kD chloroplast protein B

CRR:

chlororespiratory reduction

C-to-U:

cytidine-to-uridine

DYW:

aspartate, tyrosine, and tryptophan domain

E:

extension domain

ECB:

early chloroplast biogenesis

L:

long motif

LPA:

low PSII accumulation

MORF:

multiple organellar RNA editing factor

OCP3:

overexpressor of cationic peroxidase

ORRM:

organelle RNA recognition motif

OTP:

organelle transcript processing

OZ:

organelle zinc-finger

P:

pentatricopeptide

PPO/PPOX:

protoporphyrinogen oxidase

PPR:

pentatricopeptide repeat

QED:

quintuple editing factor

RanBP:

Ran-binding-protein

RARE:

required for accD RNA editing

RIP:

RNA editing interacting protein

RRM:

RNA recognition motif

S:

short motif

SMR:

PPR-small MutS-related

THA:

thylakoid assembly

T-to-C:

thymine-to-cytosine

VAC:

vanilla cream

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5410, USA

    Y. Lu

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Correspondence to Y. Lu.

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Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant no. MCB-1244008).

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Lu, Y. RNA editing of plastid-encoded genes. Photosynthetica 56, 48–61 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-017-0761-9

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