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Petrological-Geochemical Characteristics of Lavas, Sources and Evolution of Magmatic Melts of the Kazbek Neovolcanic Center (Greater Caucasus)

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Abstract

The results of petrological-geochemical and isotope-geochemical studies of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene lavas of the Kazbek neovolcanic center, one of the largest centers of youngest magmatism in the Greater Caucasus, are presented. It has been established that the volcanic rocks of the Kazbek center form a continuous compositional series basaltic (trachy-)andesites–(trachy-)andesites–dacites with a predominance of calc-alkaline intermediate and moderately-acid lavas. The obtained results indicate that fractional crystallization and mixing of melts had a leading role in the petrogenesis of the rocks. The crustal assimilation was of limited importance; its influence is noticeable only in the rocks of the earliest and late pulses of magmatic activity within the Kazbek center. The common crustal lithologies participating in the assimilation were metamorphosed Jurassic sediments (mainly shales and sandstones) forming the base of the Kazbek center and rarely Mesozoic mafic metamorphosed volcanites. The specific features of AFC processes during the development of the studied magmatic system (including the presence of noticeable amount of water in the melt, the leading role of Amp in the cumulus and the absence of Pl fractionation) led to the appearance of dacitic lavas with geochemical signs of adakites as an evolutional end-member. The volcanic rocks of the Kazbek center are derived from trachybasalt magmas, the source of which was presented by the mantle reservoir of OIB-type. Recent and previously published results of studies of the Neogene-Quaternary magmatism manifested within the Greater Caucasus show that the main petrological and geochemical characteristics of this regional mantle reservoir remained constant from the end of the Miocene to the present time.

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Notes

  1. Chemical compositions of the volcanic rocks of the Kazbek Center (major rock-forming oxides and some trace elements) are given in ESM_1.xls (Suppl. 1) to the English on-line version on http://link.springer.com/

  2. Chemical compositions of the rocks of the Kazbek Volcanic Center (some trace elements and REE) are given in ESM_2.xls (Suppl. 2) to the English online version on http://link.springer.com/

  3. Chemical and isotope data on the Miocene trachybasalts of the Chiatura District of Georgia, as well as Jurassic metavolcanic rocks and black shales, are listed in ESM_3.xls (Suppl. 3) to the English on-line version in http://link.springer.com/

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This work was made in the framework of State Task 0136-2018-0027.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetny per. 35, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Parfenov, V. A. Lebedev, I. V. Chernyshev, A. I. Yakushev, Yu. V. Goltsman, A. V. Chugaev, T. I. Oleinikova & E. M. Kanunnikova

  2. A. Janelidze Institute of Geology, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, A. Politkovskaya st., 5, 0186, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia

    G. T. Vashakidze & K. A. Gabarashvili

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  1. A. V. Parfenov
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  2. V. A. Lebedev
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  3. I. V. Chernyshev
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  4. G. T. Vashakidze
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Parfenov, A.V., Lebedev, V.A., Chernyshev, I.V. et al. Petrological-Geochemical Characteristics of Lavas, Sources and Evolution of Magmatic Melts of the Kazbek Neovolcanic Center (Greater Caucasus). Petrology 27, 606–632 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591119060043

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