Summary
A highly reproducible method for regeneration of Coffea arabica and C. canephora plants via direct somatic embryogenesis from cultured leaf and stem segments of regenerated plants was developed. Embryogenesis was influenced by the presence of triacontanol (TRIA) in the medium. TRIA incorporated at 4.55 and 11.38 μM in half-strength MS basal medium containing 1.1 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.28 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced direct somatic embryogenesis in both species. A maximum of 260±31.8 and 59.2±12.8 somatic embryos per culture were induced from in vitro leaf explants of C. arabica and C. canephora, respectively. TRIA also induced embryo formation from in vitro stem segment callus tissues along with multiplication of primary embryos into secondary embryos. By using TRIA, it was possible to obtain somatic embryogenesis in C. arabica and C. canephora.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dublin, P. Embryogenese somatique directe sur fragments de feuilles de daffier Arabusta. Café Cacao 25:237–242; 1981.
Eriksen, A. B.; Haugstad, M. K.; Nilsen, S. Yield of tomato and maize in response to foliar and root applications of triacontanol. Plant Growth Regul. 1:11–14; 1982.
Etienne-Barry, D.; Bertrand, B.; Vasquez, N.; Etienne, H. Direct sowing of Coffea arabica somatic embryos mass produced in a bioreactor and regeneration of plants. Plant Cell Rep. 19:111–117; 1999.
Fuentes, S. R. L.; Calheiros-Maria, B. P.; Manetti-Filho, J.; Vieira-Luiz, G. E. The effects of silver nitrate and different carbohydrate sources on somatic embryogenesis in Coffea canephora Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 60:5–13; 2000.
Ganesh, S.; Sreenath, H. Embryo culture in coffee technique and applications. Indian Coffee 4: 7–9; 1999.
Hashin, O. B.; Lundergan, C. A. Effect of triacontanol on yield and fruit composition of spring-harvested ‘Tangi’ and ‘Dover’ strawberries. Hort Science 20:73–74; 1985.
Hatanaka, T.; Arakawa, O.; Yasuda, T.; Uchida, N.; Yamaguchi, T. Effect of plant growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis in leaf cultures of Coffea canephora. Plant Cell Rep. 10:179–182; 1991.
Hatanaka, T.; Sano, H.; Kusano, T. Molecular cloning and characterization of coffee cDNA encoding spermidine synthase. Plant Sci. 140:161–168; 1999.
Hatanaka, T.; Sawake, E.; Azuma, T.; Uchida, N.; Yasuda, T. The role of ethylene in somatic embryogenesis from leaf dises of Coffea canephora. Plant Sci. 107:199–204; 1995.
Hoagland, R. E. Effects of triacontanol on seed germination and early growth. Bot. Gaz. 141:53–55; 1980.
Jones, J.; Wert, V. F.; Ries, S. K. Specificity of l-triacontanol as a growth stimulator and inhibition of its effect by other long-chain compounds. Planta 144:277–292; 1979.
Laughlin, R. G.; Munyon, R. L.; Ries, S. K.; Wert, V. F. Growth enhancement of plants by femtomole doses of colloidally dispersed triacontanol. Science 219:1219–1220; 1983.
Ma, F. W.; Wang, J. C.; Rong, W. Effects of plant growth regulator on in vitro propagation of apple cultivation. J. Fruit Sci. 7:201–206; 1990.
Mamat, A. S. B.; Fontenot, J. F.; Newsom D. W. The effects of triacontanol on the growth and development of Tabasco pepper. Hort Science 18:247–249; 1983.
Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15:473–497; 1962.
Pierson, E. S.; Van Lammeren, A. A. M.; Schel, J. H. N.; Staritsky G. In vitro development of embryoids from punched leaf disks of Coffea canephor. Protoplasma 115:209–216; 1983.
Reddy, B. O.; Giridhar, P.; Ravishankar, G. A. The effect of triacontanol on micropropagation of Capsicum frutescens and Decalepis hamiltonii W & A. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 71:253–258; 2002.
Ries, S. K.; Houtz, R. L. Triacontanol as a plant growth regulator. HortScience 18:654–662; 1983.
Ries, S. K.; Wert, V. F. Growth response of rice seedlings to triacontanol in light and dark. Planta 135:77–82; 1977.
Ries, S. K.; Wert, V. F.; Biernbaum, J. A. Interference of triacontanol activity by chemical constituents present in experimental and field sprayers. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109:145–150; 1984.
Ries, S.; Wert, V.; Biernbaum, J. A.; Gibson, T.; Bardley, W. J. Factors altering response of plants to triacontanol. HortScience 108:917–922; 1983.
Ries, S. K.; Wert, V. F.; Sweely, C. C.; Leavitt, R. A. Triacontanol: a new naturally occurring plant growth regulator. Science 195:1337–1341; 1977.
Sondahl, M. R.; Sharp, W. High frequency induction of somatic embryos in cultured leaf explants of Coffea arabica L Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 81:395–408; 1977.
Staritsky, G.; Van Hasselt, G. A. M. The synchronized mass propagation of Coffea canephora in vitro. In: Proc. 9th Int. Science Colloquium Coffee, London: ASIC; 1980: 597–602.
Stautemyer, V.; Cook, R. Update on triacontanol. Orchid Advocate 13:86–87; 1987.
Tantos, A.; Meszaros, A. Kissimon, J. The effect of triacontanol on micro propagation of balm Melissa officinalis L Plant Cell Rep. 19:88–91; 1999.
Van Boxtel, J.; Berthouly, M. High frequency somatic embryogenesis from coffee leaves; factors influencing embryogenesis and subsequent proliferation and regeneration in liquid medium. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 44:7–17: 1996.
Yasuda, T.; Fujii, Y.; Yamaguchi, T. Embryogenic callus induction from Coffea arabica leaf explants by benzyladenine. Plant Cell Physiol. 26:595–597; 1985.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ciridhar, P., Indu, E.P., Ravishankar, G.A. et al. Influence of triacontanol on somatic embryogenesis in Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. ex Fr.. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 40, 200–203 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2003519
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2003519