Skip to main content
Log in

Towards the formation of consensus in the domain of co-branding: Current findings and future priorities

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Brand Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Co-branding has emerged as an attractive management option in the past three decades because of the growing realisation that it can exploit companies’ existing brand equities. Despite extensive research into branding, existing knowledge about co-branding remains relatively limited. This article summarises the findings in the literature with regard to how co-branding strategies may benefit (or harm) both managers and end users, the mechanisms by which brands share their associations, and the conditions in which consumers might evaluate a co-branded product favourably (or unfavourably). To further our understanding of the factors that lead to successful co-branding arrangements, this article explores examples of successful and unsuccessful co-branding initiatives and introduces a value exchange framework to demonstrate how value is created within these co-branding arrangements. This research also defines the scope of co-branding by identifying the areas of agreement, disagreement and boundary conditions within this domain. Finally, an agenda for further research is set forth based on priorities found in the existing literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Keller (2008) uses the terms brand architecture and branding strategy synonymously.

  2. Tauber (1981) uses the term ‘line extension’ to represent a brands introduction of new sizes, flavours and products into the same product category.

  3. Aaker (1996) refers to it as ‘component branding’.

References

  • Aaker, D.A. (1996) Building Strong Brands. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbo, H.M. (2006) An exploratory study on the impact of two ingredient branding strategies on the host brand. In: J. Chapman (ed.) The Association of Marketing Theory and Practice. South Carolina: Ball State University, pp. 191–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abratt, R. and Motlana, P. (2002) Managing co-branding strategies: Global brands into local markets. Business Horizons 45 (5): 43–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bluemelhuber, C., Carter, L.L. and Lambe, J. (2007) Extending the view of brand alliance effects: An integrative examination of the role of country of origin. International Marketing Review 24 (4): 427–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barwise, P. and Robertson, T. (1992) Brand portfolios. European Management Journal 10 (3): 277–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgarth, C. (2004) Evaluations of co-brands and spill-over effects: Further empirical results. Journal of Marketing Communications 10 (2): 115–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson, A. and Servais, P. (2005) Co-branding on industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management 34 (7): 706–713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, I.E., Cunningham, P.H. and Drumwright, M.E. (2006) Identity, identification, and relationship through social alliances. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 34 (2): 128–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Besharat, A. (2010) How co-branding versus brand extensions drive consumers’ evaluations of new products: A brand equity approach. Industrial Marketing Management 39 (8): 1240–1249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blackett, T. and Russell, N. (1999) What is co-branding. In: T. Blackett and B. Boad (eds.) Co-Branding: The Science of Alliance. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–21.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bruning, E.R. and Fudge, D. (2006) The relationship between brand alliance image and country brand image. Proceedings of the Information on Administrative Sciences Association of Canada (ASAC): Banff, Alberta.

  • Cardona, M. (2009) Martha Stewart says Kmart is a Bad Thing, Dailyfinance, published on 4 December, http://www.dailyfinance.com, accessed August 2013.

  • Connelly, M. (2001) Tire recall turns off non-ford owners. Automotive News 76 (5496): 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, S. and Ryan, P. (2000) Brand alliances: From reputation endorsement to collaboration on core competencies. Irish Marketing Review 13 (2): 36–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, J.J., Smith, J.S., Gleim, M.R., Ramirez, E. and Martinez, J.D. (2011) Green marketing strategies: An examination of stakeholders and the opportunities they present. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 39 (1): 158–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dacin, M.T., Hitt, M.A. and Levitas, E. (1997) Selecting partners for successful international alliances: Examination of US and Korean firms. Journal of World Business 32 (1): 3–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlstrom, R. and Dato-on, M.C. (2004) Business-to-business antecedents to retail co-branding. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing 11 (3): 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • d’Astous, A., Colbert, F. and Fournier, M. (2007) An experimental investigation of the use of brand extension and co-branding strategies in the arts. Journal of Services Marketing 21 (4): 231–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desai, K.K. and Keller, K.L. (2002) The effects of ingredient branding strategies on host brand extendibility. Journal of Marketing 66 (1): 73–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson, S. and Barker, A. (2007) Evaluations of branding alliances between non-profit and commercial brand partners: The transfer of affect. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 12 (1): 75–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiPietro, R.B. (2005) The case against multibranding strategy. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 46 (1): 96–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eyring, M.J., Johnson, M.W. and Nair, H. (2011) New Business Models in Emerging Markets, HBR, published in January, http://www.hbr.org, accessed May 2013.

  • Farquhar, P.H., Han, J.Y., Herr, P.M. and Ijiri, Y. (1992) Strategies for leveraging master brands: How to bypass the risks of direct extensions. Marketing Research 4 (3): 32–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gammoh, B.S., Voss, K.E. and Chakraborty, G. (2006) Consumer evaluation of brand alliance signals. Psychology & Marketing 23 (6): 465–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, R.P. (1997) Co-branding in advertising: Developing effective associations. Journal of Product and Brand Management 6 (3): 191–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, M. (2011) The Secrets of Successful Co-Branding, Inc, published on 11 November, http://www.inc.com, accessed March 2013.

  • Hagedoorn, J. (1993) Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: Interorganizational modes of cooperation and sectoral differences. Strategic Management Journal 14 (5): 371–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, D. (2005) Guilty through association: Brand association transfer to brand alliances. Journal of Consumer Marketing 22 (1): 14–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, D., Lyman, M. and Foreman, S.K. (2006) Does the tail wag the dog? Brand personality in brand alliance evaluation. The Journal of Product and Brand Management 15 (3): 173–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janiszewski, C. and Van Osselaer, S. (2000) A connectionist model of brand-quality associations. Journal of Marketing Research 37 (3): 331–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapferer, J.N. (1997) Strategic Brand Management. Great Britain: Kogan Page.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapferer, J.N. (2012) The New Strategic Brand Management: Advanced Insights and Strategic Thinking. London: Kogan Page.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, K.L. (2008) Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity. 3rd edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, K.L. and Lehmann, D.R. (2009) Assessing long-term brand potential. Journal of Brand Management 17 (1): 6–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kippenberger, T. (2000) Co-branding as a new competitive weapon. Antidote 5 (6): 12–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2010) Principles of Marketing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristof‐Brown, A.L., Zimmerman, R.D. and Johnson, E.C (2005) Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology 58 (2): 281–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, P. (2005) The impact of co-branding on customer evaluation of brand counter-extensions. Journal of Marketing 69 (3): 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty, B.A. and Goldsmith, R.E. (2005) Cause–brand alliances: Does the cause help the brand or does the brand help the cause? Journal of Business Research 58 (4): 423–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty, B.A., Goldsmith, R.E. and Hult, G.T.M. (2004) The impact of the alliance on the partners: A look at cause-brand alliances. Psychology & Marketing 21 (7): 509–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lebar, E., Buehler, P., Keller, K.L., Sawicka, M., Aksehirli, Z. and Richey, K. (2005) Brand equity implications of joint branding programs. Journal of Advertising Research 45 (4): 413–425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leuthesser, L., Kohli, C. and Suri, R. (2003) 2+2=5? A framework for using co-branding to leverage a brand. Journal of Brand Management 11 (1): 35–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, I.P. and Levin, A.M. (2000) Modeling the role of brand alliances in the assimilation of product evaluations. Journal of Consumer Psychology 9 (1): 43–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macrae, C. (1996) The Brand Chartering Handbook. Harlow, Essex: Addison–Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macrae, C. and Uncles, M.D. (1997) Rethinking brand management: The role of ‘brand chartering’. Journal of Product and Brand Management 6 (1): 64–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, M.S. and Norris, D.G. (1999) Improving competitive position using branded ingredients. Journal of Product and Brand Management 8 (4): 26–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meenaghan, T. and Shipley, D. (1999) Media effecting sponsorship. European Journal of Marketing 33 (3): 328–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers-Levy, J. and Tybout, A.M. (1989) Schema Congruity as a basis for product evaluation. Journal of Consumer Research 16 (1): 39–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monga, A.B. and Lau-Gesk, L. (2007) Blending co-brand personalities: An examination of the complex self. Journal of Marketing Research 44 (3): 389–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Motion, J., Leitch, S. and Brodie, R. (2003) Equity in corporate co-branding: The case of Adidas and the All Blacks. European Journal of Marketing 37 (7): 1080–1094.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, G. (1988) Comprehending complex concepts. Cognitive Science: A Multidisciplinary Journal 12 (4): 529–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muzellec, L. and Lambkin, M.C. (2009) Corporate branding and brand architecture: A conceptual framework. Marketing Theory 9 (1): 39–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norris, D.G. (1992) Ingredient branding: A strategy option with multiple beneficiaries. Journal of Consumer Marketing 9 (3): 19–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (2002) Country equity and country branding: Problems and prospects. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4): 294–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, C.W., Jun, S.Y. and Shocker, A.D. (1996) Composite branding alliances: An investigation of extension and feedback effects. Journal of Marketing Research 33 (4): 453–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Punch, L. (2001) Loyalty theater: Co-branding 10 years after. Credit Card Management 14 (1): 42–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, A.R., Qu, L. and Ruekert, R.W. (1999) Signaling unobservable product quality through a brand ally. Journal of Marketing Research 36 (2): 258–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, A.R. and Ruekert, R.W. (1994) Brand alliances as signals of product quality. Sloan Management Review 36 (1): 87–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigue, C.S. and Biswas, A. (2004) Brand alliance dependency and exclusivity: An empirical investigation. Journal of Product and Brand Management 13 (7): 477–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmeising, L (2009) Dairy Queen and the Girl Scouts of the USA Renew Licensing Agreement, Girlscouts, published on 17 March, http://www.girlscouts.org, accessed August 2013.

  • Seno, D. and Lukas, B.A. (2007) The equity effect of product endorsement by celebrities: A conceptual framework from a co-branding perspective. European Journal of Marketing 41 (1/2): 121–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonin, B.L. and Ruth, J.A. (1998) Is a company known by the company it keeps? Assessing the spillover effects of brand alliances on consumer brand attitudes. Journal of Marketing Research 35 (1): 30–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber, E.M. (1981) Brand franchise extension: New product benefits from existing brand names. Business Horizons 24 (2): 36–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Economist (2010) The world turned upside down, http://www.economist.com/node/15879369, published on 15 April, (accessed August 2013).

  • Uncles, M., Cocks, M. and Macrae, C. (1995) Brand architecture: Reconfiguring organisations for effective brand management. The Journal of Brand Management 3 (2): 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ueltschy, L.C. and Laroche, M. (2011) Co-branding internationally: Everyone wins? Journal of Applied Business Research 20 (3): 91–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaidyanathan, R. and Aggarwal, P. (2000) Strategic brand alliances: Implications of ingredient branding for national and private label brands. Journal of Product and Brand Management 9 (4): 214–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesh, R. and Mahajan, V. (1997) Products with branded components: An approach for premium pricing and partner selection. Marketing Science 16 (2): 146–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesh, R., Mahajan, V. and Muller, E. (2000) Dynamic co-marketing alliances: When and why do they succeed or fail? International Journal of Research in Marketing 17 (1): 3–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voss, K.E. and Gammoh, B.S. (2004) Building brands through brand alliances: Does a second ally help? Marketing Letters 15 (2): 147–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Votolato, N.L. and Unnava, H.R. (2006) Spillover of negative information on brand alliances. Journal of Consumer Psychology 16 (2): 196–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walchli, S.B. (2007) The effects of between-partner congruity on consumer evaluation of co-branded products. Psychology & Marketing 24 (11): 947–973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Washburn, J.H., Till, B.D. and Priluck, R. (2000) Co-branding: Brand equity and trial effects. Journal of Consumer Marketing 17 (7): 591–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Washburn, J.H., Till, B.D. and Priluck, R. (2004) Brand alliance and customer-based brand-equity effects. Psychology & Marketing 21 (7): 487–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, K. (1997) Dual and extension branding: Using research to guide design decisions and branding strategy. Design Management Journal (Former Series) 8 (1): 26–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wischhover, C (2012) After the Success of Target Collaboration Missoni Plans to Launch a Lower Priced Line, Fashionista, published on 15 November, http://www.fashionista.com, accessed August 2013.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Besharat, A., Langan, R. Towards the formation of consensus in the domain of co-branding: Current findings and future priorities. J Brand Manag 21, 112–132 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2013.25

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2013.25

Keywords

Navigation