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Tanker milk variability in fatty acids according to farm feeding and husbandry practices in a French semi-mountain area

Variabilité des acides gras de laits de collecte en fonction des pratiques alimentaires et des conduites d’élevage dans une zone française de semi-montagne

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Dairy Science & Technology

Abstract

The objective of this study was to relate farm feeding practices in different production systems to milk fatty acid (FA) composition on the scale of round tankers. Milks from 10 collection rounds in the French department of the Haute-Loire (10 to 36 herds per collection round) were sampled twice and three times during winter and grazing periods, respectively. The collection rounds were principally characterised by the forage system (grass or maize silage). Nine variants of milk production conditions were defined: four for the winter feeding period (W1 to W4) and five for the grazing period (G1 to G5). Over the year rumenic acid was positively correlated with vaccenic acid (r = 0.99), all the other trans and c11 isomers of C18:l, oleic acid (r = 0.79), linolenic acid (r = 0.82) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA). The milk fat from cows grazed on grass had a higher proportion of total trans FA (including trans C18:l, non-conjugated C18:2 and c9t11-CLA) and total cis C18:1, and a lower proportion of medium-chain saturated FA (−9.50 g·100 g−1 for C16:0 between G5 vs. W1) and monounsaturated FA (mainly c9-C16:l) than that from grass silage-based (and concentrate-supplemented) diets. Also, anteiso-15, C18:0, c9-, t6+7+8-, t9-, t11- and t13+14-C18:1, c9t11-CLA (r = 0.65), t11c15-C18:2, C18:3n-3 (r = 0.68) and EPA (r = 0.64) were positively linked to permanent grassland forages (green or conserved) on the scale of the year. During winter, trans (t6+7+8, t10, t12 and t13+14) and cis (c12, c13 and t16+c14) isomers of C18:1 were positively correlated with the proportion of maize silage in the diet (r = 0.47 to 0.91). The wide range of milk FA composition from the rounds observed in this study was closely linked to the variants in feeding and husbandry conditions. Our data confirm the strong effect of nutritional factors on milk FA composition of tanker milk shown in experimental trials.

Abstract

10 10 ∼ 36 2 ∼ 3 9 (W1 ∼ W4), (G1 ∼ G5) 9 11 11 (r = 0.99) (r = 0.79) (r = 0.82 (EPA) C18:2 c9t11- C18:1 G5 W1 C16:0 9.50 g·100 g−1 c9-C16:1) anteiso-15 C18:0 c9- t6+7+8- t9- t11-t-13+14-C18:1 c9t11- (r = 0.65) t11c15-C18:2 C18:3n-3 (r = 0.68) (r = 0.64), C18:1 (t6+7+8 t10 t12 t13+14) (c12 c13 t16+c14) (r = 0.47 ∼ 0.91),

Résumé

L’objectif de cette étude était, à l’échelle de laits de tournées, d’établir des relations entre les pratiques d’alimentation et les conduites d’élevage de différents systèmes de production et la composition en acides gras (AG) de ces laits. Les laits de 10 tournées dans le département français de la Haute-Loire (10 à 36 troupeaux par tournée) ont été prélevés, respectivement, deux et trois fois pendant l’hiver et la période de pâturage. Neuf variants des conditions de production des laits ont été définis : quatre pour la période hivernale (W1 à W4) et cinq pour la période de pâturage (G1 à G5). Au cours de l’année, l’acide ruménique était positivement corrélé à l’acide vaccénique (r = 0.99), à l’ensemble des autres isomères trans et c11 du C18:l, aux acides oléique (r = 0.79), linolénique (r = 0.82) et EPA. La matière grasse laitière provenant du pâturage avait une proportion plus élevée en AG trans totaux (incluant les C18:1 trans, les C18:2 non conjugués et le CLA-c9t11) et en C18:1 cis totaux, et une proportion plus faible en AG saturés à chaîne moyenne (−9.50 g·100 g−1 pour le C16:0 entre G5 et W1) et d’AG monoinsaturés (principalement C16:l-c9) que celle produite à partir des rations àbase d’ensilage d’herbe (et supplémentées en concentré). De plus, l’antéiso — 15, le C18:0, le C18:1-c9, les isomères t6+7+8, t9, t11 et t13+14 du C18:l, le CLA-c9t11 (r = 0.65), le C18:2-t11c15, le C18:3n-3 (r = 0.68) et l’EPA (r = 0.64) étaient positivement liés aux fourrages de prairie permanente (verts ou conservés) à l’échelle de l’année. Durant l’hiver, les isomères trans (t6+7+8, t10, t12 et t13+14) ou cis (c12, c13 et t16+cl4) du C18:l étaient positivement corrélés à la proportion d’ensilage de maïs dans la ration (r = 0.47 à 0.91). La grande variabilité de la composition en AG des laits des tournées dans cette étude était fortement liée aux variants d’alimentation et aux conditions d’élevage. Nos données confirment l’effet important des facteurs nutritionnels sur la composition en AG des laits de grand mélange, démontré au cours d’études expérimentales.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UR1213 Herbivores, Site de Theix, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France

    Anne Ferlay, Bruno Martin & Yves Chilliard

  2. Enita Clermont, Unité Élevage et Production des Ruminants (Unité soutenue par l’INRA), 63370, Lempdes, France

    Claire Agabriel, Cécile Sibra & Chantal Journal

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  1. Anne Ferlay
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Correspondence to Anne Ferlay.

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Ferlay, A., Agabriel, C., Sibra, C. et al. Tanker milk variability in fatty acids according to farm feeding and husbandry practices in a French semi-mountain area. Dairy Sci. Technol. 88, 193–215 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1051/dst:2007013

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