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Small hive beetles, Aethina tumida, are vectors of Paenibacillus larvae

Le petit coléoptère des ruches, Aethina tumida, vecteur de Paenibacillus larvae

Kleine Beutenkäfer, Aethina tumida, sind Vektoren von Paenibacillus larvae

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Abstract

The transmission of honeybee pathogens by free-flying pests, such as small hive beetles (= SHB), would be independent of bees and beekeepers and thereby constitute a new challenge for pathogen control measures. Here we show that larval and adult SHB become contaminated with Paenibacillus larvae spores when exposed to honeybee brood combs with clinical American foulbrood (= AFB) symptoms in the laboratory. This contamination persists in pupae and newly emerged adults. After exposure to contaminated adult SHB, honeybee field colonies showed higher numbers of P. larvae spores in worker and honey samples after five weeks. Despite these results, the rather low number of P. larvae spores on adult SHB suggests that clinical AFB outbreaks are not likely. However, even small spore numbers can be sufficient to spread P. larvae. Therefore, our data clearly show that SHB are vectors of P. larvae. We suggest considering the role of SHB in AFB control in areas where both pests are established.

Zusammenfassung

Eine Übertragung von anzeigepflichtigen Krankheiten der Honigbiene durch aktiv fliegende Parasiten wie den Kleinen Beutenkäfer (=KBK) ist unabhängig von Bienen und Imkern und würde somit neue Herausforderungen an Seuchenkontroll-maßnahmen stellen. Wir können hier zeigen, dass sich Adulte und Larven des KBK mit Sporen von P. larvae kontaminieren, wenn sie im Labor auf Brutwaben mit klinischen Amerikanischen Faulbrut (=AFB)-Symptomen gehalten werden (Tab. I). Die sich aus diesen Larven entwickelnden Puppen und die neu schlüpfenden adulten KBK waren ebenfalls mit Sporen kontaminiert (Tab. I), obwohl diese Individuen nach dem Wanderlarvenstadium nicht mehr mit infizierter Brut in Kontakt kamen. In einem Feldversuch wurden sechs Völker mit je 36 kontaminierten adulten KBK infiziert. Zuvor entnommene Bienenproben aus allen Völkern zeigten keine Infektion mit P. larvae Sporen. Fünf Wochen nachdem die mit P. larvae kontaminierten KBK zugefügt wurden, konnten geringe Sporenmengen in Honig- und Bienenproben nachgewiesen werden. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt zeigte keines der infizierten Völker klinische AFB-Symptome, aber das Brutbild war lückenhaft. Die geringe Anzahl der auf den Käfern nachgewiesenen (Tab. I) und im Feld übertragenen Sporen indiziert vermutlich keinen klinischen Ausbruch von AFB. Es reichen jedoch im Prinzip bereits geringe Sporenmengen aus, um P. larvae zu verbreiten und insbesondere junge Brut zu infizieren. Der KBK ist somit ein Vektor von P. larvae. Unsere Ergebnisse sollten daher insbesondere in Gebieten berücksichtigt werden, in denen sowohl AFB als auch KBK etabliert sind.

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Correspondence to Marc Oliver Schäfer.

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Schäfer, M.O., Ritter, W., Pettis, J. et al. Small hive beetles, Aethina tumida, are vectors of Paenibacillus larvae . Apidologie 41, 14–20 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009037

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009037

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