Abstract
Plasmon-induced charge separation (PICS) at the interface between a plasmonic nanoparticle and a semiconductor becomes less efficient as the plasmon resonance wavelength increases, because the energy of a photon may not be sufficiently higher than the interfacial Schottky barrier height. In this study, we developed PICS photocathodes by coating Au nanoparticles of different sizes on an ITO electrode with a thin TiO2 layer, and applied negative potentials to those photocathodes so as to suppress back electron transfer and improve the PICS photocurrent responses. The photocurrent enhancement factor was increased as the particle size was decreased, and enhancement of about two orders of magnitude was observed for small Au nanoparticles when bias voltage of 0.5 V was applied. In some cases the photocurrent enhancement was accompanied by a slight redshift of the photocurrent peak, which was caused by a lowered barrier. This technique would be useful for tuning the photocurrents when it is applied to devices such as electrochemical LSPR sensors and photodetectors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. Hutter and J. H. Fendler, Adv. Mater., 2004, 16, 1685.
J. N. Anker, W. P. Hall, O. Lyandres, N. C. Shah, J. Zhao and R. P. Van Duyne, Nat. Mater., 2008, 7, 442.
K. M. Mayer and J. H. Hafner, Chem. Rev., 2011, 111, 3828.
Y. Tian and T. Tatsuma, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 7632.
T. Tatsuma, H. Nishi and T. Ishida, Chem. Sci., 2017, 8, 3325.
N. Sakai, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Takahashi and T. Tatsuma, ChemPhysChem, 2009, 10, 766.
Y. Takahashi and T. Tatsuma, Nanoscale, 2010, 2, 1494.
E. Kazuma and T. Tatsuma, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 1, 1400066.
K. Yu, N. Sakai and T. Tatsuma, Electrochemistry, 2008, 76, 161.
Y. Takahashi and T. Tatsuma, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2011, 99, 182110.
Y. K. Lee, C. H. Jung, J. Park, H. Seo, G. A. Somorjai and J. Y. Park, Nano Lett., 2011, 11, 4251.
S. Mubeen, G. Hernandez-Sosa, D. Moses, J. Lee and M. Moskovits, Nano Lett., 2011, 11, 5548.
P. Reineck, G. P. Lee, D. Brick, M. Karg, P. Mulvaney and U. Bach, Adv. Mater., 2012, 24, 4750.
E. Kowalska, R. Abe and B. Ohtani, Chem. Commun., 2009, 2, 241.
A. Tanaka, K. Hashimoto and H. Kominami, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 14526.
S. Mubeen, J. Lee, N. Singh, S. Krämer, G. D. Stucky and M. Moskovits, Nat. Nanotechnol., 2013, 8, 247.
Y. Ohko, T. Tatsuma, T. Fujii, K. Naoi, C. Niwa, Y. Kubota and A. Fujishima, Nat. Mater., 2003, 2, 29.
K. Saito, I. Tanabe and T. Tatsuma, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2016, 7, 4363.
H. Nishi, M. Sakamoto and T. Tatsuma, Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 11741.
K. Saito and T. Tatsuma, Nano Lett., 2018, 18, 3209.
Y.-C. Zhu, N. Zhang, Y.-F. Ruan, W.-W. Zhao, J.-J. Xu and H.-Y. Chen, Anal. Chem., 2016, 88, 5626.
T. Tatsuma, Y. Katagi, S. Watanabe, K. Akiyoshi, T. Kawawaki, H. Nishi and E. Kazuma, Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 6100.
N. Sakai, T. Sasaki, K. Matsubara and T. Tatsuma, J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 4371.
W. Lee, J. Navarrete, B. Evanko, G. D. Stucky, S. Mubeen and M. Moskovits, Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 13460.
M. L. Brongersma, N. J. Halas and P. Nordlander, Nat. Nanotechnol., 2015, 10, 25.
M. M. Miller and A. A. Lazarides, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2005, 109, 21556.
Y. Nishijima, K. Ueno, Y. Yokota, K. Murakoshi and H. Misawa, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2010, 1, 2031.
J. Lee, S. Mubeen, X. Ji, G. D. Stucky and M. Moskovits, Nano Lett., 2012, 12, 5014.
C. Ng, J. J. Cadusch, S. Dligatch, A. Roberts, T. J. Davis, P. Mulvaney and D. E. Gómez, ACS Nano, 2016, 10, 4704.
F. P. García de Arquer, A. Mihi, D. Kufer and G. Konstantatos, ACS Nano, 2013, 7, 3581.
L. Wu, G. M. Kim, H. Nishi and T. Tatsuma, Langmuir, 2017, 33, 8976.
L. Wen, Y. Chen, L. Liang and Q. Chen, ACS Photonics, 2018, 5, 581.
Y.-L. Ho, Y.-H. Tai, J. K. Clark, Z. Wang, P.-K. Wei and J.-J. Delaunay, ACS Photonics, 2018, 5, 2617.
K. Sell, I. Barke, S. Polei, C. Schumann, V. von Oeynhausen and K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, Phys. Status Solidi B, 2010, 247, 1087.
Y. Tachibana, K. Umekita, Y. Otsuka and S. Kuwabata, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2008, 41, 102002.
A. B. Tesler, L. Chuntonov, T. Karakouz, T. A. Bendikov, G. Haran, A. Vaskevich and I. Rubinstein, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115, 24642.
P. Klapetek, M. Valtr, D. Nečas, O. Salyk and P. Dzik, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2011, 6, 514.
N. Sebaihi, B. D. Boeck, Y. Yuana, R. Nieuwland and J. Pétry, Meas. Sci. Technol., 2017, 28, 034006.
J. Turkevich, P. C. Stevenson and J. Hillier, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1951, 11, 55.
S. Link and M. A. El-Sayed, J. Phys. Chem. B, 1999, 103, 8410.
S. M. Sze and K. K. Ng, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007.
H. Lee, Y. K. Lee, T. N. Van and J. Y. Park, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2013, 103, 173103.
H. Lee, H. Lee and J. Y. Park, Nano Lett., 2019, 19, 891.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00098d
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Akiyoshi, K., Tatsuma, T. Electrochemical modulation of plasmon-induced charge separation behaviour at Au–TiO2 photocathodes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 18, 1727–1731 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9pp00098d
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c9pp00098d