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Photo-oxidative and photo-reductive capabilities of ilmenite-rich black sand concentrates using methyl orange as a probe molecule

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Abstract

Ilmenite-rich black sands from an alluvial deposit of Barbacoas (Nariño, Colombia) were used as a natural source aiming to obtain a low-cost and highly available photocatalyst. Mineral concentrates were obtained by gravimetric concentration in a Wilfley table (deck tilt angle: 11–14°) followed by dry magnetic or wet electromagnetic separation. Afterwards, the particle size was manually reduced down to −325 mesh. Rietveld refinements using X-ray diffraction data showed that the highest purity achieved was 93.46% of ilmenite (FeTiO3). Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a polyhedral morphology with an average grain size of 1.33–2.27 µm, granular inclusions of aluminosilicates and appreciable quantities of manganese. The band-gap values determined by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were underestimated compared to those reported in the literature, given the impurities in the samples and their optical behavior. Photoluminescence experiments provided a band-gap of 2.68 eV. The photo-oxidative and photo-reductive capabilities of the concentrates were evaluated in the degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. 99% of discoloration was achieved after 50 min for oxidation and after 20 min for reduction, showing the potential of ilmenite-rich concentrates as photocatalysts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Investigaciones en Minerales, Biohidrometalurgia y Ambiente – GIMBA, Universidad Industrial de Santander – UIS, Sede Guatiguará, Transv. Guatiguará, Calle 8N No. 3W-60, Barrio El Refugio, C.P., 681011, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia

    Diana Marcela Cañas-Martínez & Julio Andrés Pedraza-Avella

  2. Grupo INTERFASE, Universidad Industrial de Santander – UIS, Calle 9 Carrera 27 Ciudad Universitaria, C.P., 680002, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia

    Gilles Henri Gauthier

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  1. Diana Marcela Cañas-Martínez
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Correspondence to Diana Marcela Cañas-Martínez.

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Cañas-Martínez, D.M., Gauthier, G.H. & Pedraza-Avella, J.A. Photo-oxidative and photo-reductive capabilities of ilmenite-rich black sand concentrates using methyl orange as a probe molecule. Photochem Photobiol Sci 18, 912–919 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00315g

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