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The good, the bad, and the ugly–controlling singlet oxygen through design of photosensitizers and delivery systems for photodynamic therapy

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Abstract

Singlet oxygen, although integral to photodynamic therapy, is notoriously uncontrollable, suffers from poor selectivity and has fast decomposition rates in biological media. Across the scientific community, there is a conscious effort to refine singlet oxygen interactions and initiate selective and controlled release to produce a consistent and reproducible therapeutic effect in target tissue. This perspective aims to provide an insight into the contemporary design principles behind photosensitizers and drug delivery systems that depend on a singlet oxygen response or controlled release. The discussion will be accompanied by in vitro and in vivo examples, in an attempt to highlight advancements in the field and future prospects for the more widespread application of photodynamic therapy.

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Acknowledgments

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 764837 and was supported by grants from Science Foundation Ireland (IvP 13/IA/1894) and the Irish Research Council (GOIPG/2016/1250).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland

    Susan Callaghan & Mathias O. Senge

  2. Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland

    Mathias O. Senge

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  1. Susan Callaghan
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  2. Mathias O. Senge
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Correspondence to Mathias O. Senge.

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Callaghan, S., Senge, M.O. The good, the bad, and the ugly–controlling singlet oxygen through design of photosensitizers and delivery systems for photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 17, 1490–1514 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00008e

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00008e

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