Abstract
Several microbes have been suspected as pathogenetic factors in schizophrenia. We have previously observed increased frequencies of chlamydial infections and of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-A10 in independent studies of schizophrenia. Our aim here was to analyze frequencies of three types of Chlamydiaceae in schizophrenic patients (n=72), random controls (n=225) and hospital-patient controls (n=36), together with HLA-A genotypes. Patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of hospitalization and analyzed with Chlamydiaceae species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Control panels consisted of randomly selected volunteers and hospitalized, non-schizophrenic patients. We found chlamydial infection in 40.3% of the schizophrenic patients compared to 6.7% in the controls. The association of schizophrenia with Chlamydiaceae infections was highly significant (P=1.39 × 10−10, odds ratio (OR)=9.43), especially with Chlamydophila psittaci (P=2.81 × 10−7, OR=24.39). Schizophrenic carriers of the HLA-A10 genotype were clearly most often infected with Chlamydophila, especially C. psittaci (P=8.03 × 10−5, OR=50.00). Chlamydophila infections represent the highest risk factor yet found to be associated with schizophrenia. This risk is even further enhanced in carriers of the HLA-A10 genotype.
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This work was in part supported by Annemarie and Karl-Heinz Gansbühler. We enjoyed the scientific discussion with DJ Schendel.
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Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Molecular Psychiatry website (http://www.nature.com/mp)
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Fellerhoff, B., Laumbacher, B., Mueller, N. et al. Associations between Chlamydophila infections, schizophrenia and risk of HLA-A10. Mol Psychiatry 12, 264–272 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001925
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001925
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