Skip to main content
Log in

Cox et al. reply

  • Brief Communications Arising
  • Published:

From Nature

View current issue Submit your manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1: Typical results for experiments with the one-box Hasselmann model.
Fig. 2: Comparison of different emergent relationships.

Data availability

Relevant data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Brown, P. T., Stolpe, M. B. & Caldeira, K. Assumptions for emergent constraints. Nature 563, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0638-5 (2018).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Rypdal, M., Fredriksen, H.-B., Rypdal, K. & Steene, R. J. Emergent constraints on climate sensitivity. Nature 563, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0639-4 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Po-Chedley, S., Proistosescu, C., Armour, K. C. & Santer, B. D. Climate constraint reflects forced signal. Nature 563, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0640-y (2018).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cox, P. M., Huntingford, C. & Williamson, M. S. Emergent constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity from global temperature variability. Nature 553, 319–322 (2018).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hasselmann, K. Stochastic climate models part I. Theory. Tellus 28, 473–485 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Geoffroy, O. et al. Transient climate cesponse in a two-layer energy-balance model. Part I: analytical solution and parameter calibration using CMIP5 AOGCM experiments. J. Climate 26, 1841–1857 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Frost, C. & Thompson, S. G. Correcting for regression dilution bias: comparison of methods for a single predictor variable. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A 163, 173–189 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. MacMynowski, D. G. et al. The frequency response of temperature and precipitation in a climate model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L16711 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Williamson, M. S., Cox, P. M. & Nijsse, F. J. M. M. Theoretical foundation of emergent constraints: relationships between climate sensitivity and global temperature variability in conceptual models. Dyn. Stat. Clim. Syst. (in the press).

  10. Meinshausen, M. et al. The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300. Clim. Change 109, 213 (2011).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

The list of co-authors and their order are slightly different from the original study4. F.J.M.M.N. carried-out many statistical tests in response to the accompanying Comments, and has therefore been added to the author list for this Reply. Similarly, M.S.W. carried out substantial new work with simple models, and has therefore been moved to the second-author position. P.M.C. and M.S.W. drafted the response. C.H. provided the time-series data for the CMIP5 models. M.S.W. produced Fig. 1 and Extended Data Fig. 2 using the one- and two-box models. P.M.C. produced Fig. 2 and Extended Data Fig. 1 from the CMIP5 models. F.J.M.M.N. provided statistical expertise and analysed the impact of regression dilution. All authors contributed to the final version of the Reply.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter M. Cox.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

Declared none.

Extended data figures and tables

Extended Data Fig. 1 Impact of de-trending on the ECS–Ψ relationship in CMIP5 models.

a, Control runs linearly de-trended in a 55-year moving window (r = 0.75). b, Control runs without de-trending (r = 0.45).

Extended Data Fig. 2 Typical results for experiments (i)–(iv) with the two-box model.

As in Figs. 1 and 2, letters represent models given in extended data table 1 in Cox et al.4. Solid lines indicate the emergent relationship and dotted lines are the prediction error.

Extended Data Table 1 Experiments with common models

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cox, P.M., Williamson, M.S., Nijsse, F.J.M.M. et al. Cox et al. reply. Nature 563, E10–E15 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0641-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0641-x

  • Springer Nature Limited

Keywords

This article is cited by

Navigation